MySQL权限的详细解答
- 一.权限表 mysql数据库中的3个权限表:user 、db、 host 权限表的存取过程是: 1)先从user表中的host、 user、 password这3个字段中判断连接的IP、用户名、密码是否存在表中,存在则通过身份验证; 2) 通过权限验证,进行权限分配时,按照user?db?tables_
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一.权限表
mysql数据库中的3个权限表:user 、db、 host
权限表的存取过程是:
1)先从user表中的host、 user、 password这3个字段中判断连接的IP、用户名、密码是否存在表中,存在则通过身份验证;
2) 通过权限验证,进行权限分配时,按照user?db?tables_priv?columns_priv的顺序进行分配。即先检查全局权限表 user,如果user中对应的权限为Y,则此用户对所有数据库的权限都为Y,将不再检查db, tables_priv,columns_priv;如果为N,则到db表中检查此用户对应的具体数据库,并得到db中为Y的权限;如果db中为N,则检 查tables_priv中此数据库对应的具体表,取得表中的权限Y,以此类推。
二.MySQL各种权限(共27个)
(以下操作都是以root身份登陆进行grant授权,以p1@localhost身份登陆执行各种命令。)
1. usage
连接(登陆)权限,建立一个用户,就会自动授予其usage权限(默认授予)。
mysql> grant usage on *.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’ identified by ‘123′;
该权限只能用于数据库登陆,不能执行任何操作;且usage权限不能被回收,也即REVOKE用户并不能删除用户。
2. select
必须有select的权限,才可以使用select table
mysql> grant select on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
mysql> select * from shop;
3. create
必须有create的权限,才可以使用create table
mysql> grant create on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
4. create routine
必须具有create routine的权限,才可以使用{create alterdrop} {procedurefunction}
mysql> grant create routine on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
当授予create routine时,,自动授予EXECUTE, ALTER ROUTINE权限给它的创建者:
mysql> show grants for ‘p1′@’localhost’;
+—————————————————————————+
Grants for p1@localhost
+————————————————————————–+
GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO ‘p1′@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD ‘*23AE809DDACAF96AF0FD78ED04B6A265E05AA257′
GRANT SELECT, CREATE, CREATE ROUTINE ON `pyt`.* TO ‘p1′@’localhost’
GRANT EXECUTE, ALTER ROUTINE ON PROCEDURE `pyt`.`pro_shop1` TO ‘p1′@’localhost’
+————————————————————————————-+
5. create temporary tables(注意这里是tables,不是table)
必须有create temporary tables的权限,才可以使用create temporary tables.
mysql> grant create temporary tables on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
[mysql@mydev ~]$ mysql -h localhost -u p1 -p pyt
mysql> create temporary table tt1(id int);
6. create view
必须有create view的权限,才可以使用create view
mysql> grant create view on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
mysql> create view v_shop as select price from shop;
7. create user
要使用CREATE USER,必须拥有mysql数据库的全局CREATE USER权限,或拥有INSERT权限。
mysql> grant create user on *.* to ‘p1′@’localhost’;
或:mysql> grant insert on *.* to p1@localhost;
8. insert
必须有insert的权限,才可以使用insert into ….. values….
9. alter
必须有alter的权限,才可以使用alter table
alter table shop modify dealer char(15);
10. alter routine
必须具有alter routine的权限,才可以使用{alter drop} {procedurefunction}
mysql>grant alter routine on pyt.* to ‘p1′@’ localhost ‘;
mysql> drop procedure pro_shop;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> revoke alter routine on pyt.* from ‘p1′@’localhost’;
[mysql@mydev ~]$ mysql -h localhost -u p1 -p pyt
mysql> drop procedure pro_shop;
ERROR 1370 (42000): alter routine command denied to user ‘p1′@’localhost’ for routine ‘pyt.pro_shop’
11. update
必须有update的权限,才可以使用update table
mysql> update shop set price=3.5 where article=0001 and dealer=’A’;
12. delete
必须有delete的权限,才可以使用delete from ….where….(删除表中的记录)
13. drop
必须有drop的权限,才可以使用drop database db_name; drop table tab_name;
drop view vi_name; drop index in_name;
14. show database
通过show database只能看到你拥有的某些权限的数据库,除非你拥有全局SHOW DATABASES权限。
对于p1@localhost用户来说,没有对mysql数据库的权限,所以以此身份登陆查询时,无法看到mysql数据库:
mysql> show databases;
+——————–+
Database
+——————–+
information_schema
pyt
test
+——————–+
15. show view
必须拥有show view权限,才能执行show create view。
mysql> grant show view on pyt.* to p1@localho

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