MySQL数据库的安全配置实操
以下文章主要是介绍MySQL数据库的安全配置的实际操作的介绍 ,本文例举了相关的实例,当然这些实例都是在MySQL数据库的安全配置的实际操作中经常出现的,如果你是数据库的热捧者。那么下面的文章对于你而言一定很有意义。 关键字: MySQL内核 数据库安全配置
以下文章主要是介绍MySQL数据库的安全配置的实际操作的介绍 ,本文例举了相关的实例,当然这些实例都是在MySQL数据库的安全配置的实际操作中经常出现的,如果你是数据库的热捧者。那么下面的文章对于你而言一定很有意义。
关键字: MySQL内核 数据库安全配置 用户认证模块 密码恢复 存储过程编写 MySQL数据库索引
内容摘要:
由于MySQL是多平台的数据库,它的默认配置要考虑各种情况下都能适用,所以在我们自己的使用环境下应该进行进一步的安全加固。作为一个MySQL的系统管理员,我们有责任维护MySQL数据库系统的数据安全性和完整性。
如果启动MySQL数据库的用户是mysql,那么象如下的目录和文件的是安全的,请注意数据目录及下面的属性:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>shell</span><span class="tag">></span><span>ls-l/usr/local/mysql </span></span></li> <li><span>total40 </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>drwxrwxr-x2rootroot4096Feb2720:07bin </span></li> <li><span>drwxrwxr-x3rootroot4096Feb2720:07include </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>drwxrwxr-x2rootroot4096Feb2720:07info </span></li> <li><span>drwxrwxr-x3rootroot4096Feb2720:07lib </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>drwxrwxr-x2rootroot4096Feb2720:07libexec </span></li> <li><span>drwxrwxr-x3rootroot4096Feb2720:07man </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>drwxrwxr-x6rootroot4096Feb2720:07mysql-test </span></li> <li><span>drwxrwxr-x3rootroot4096Feb2720:07share </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>drwxrwxr-x7rootroot4096Feb2720:07sql-bench </span></li> <li><span>drwx------4mysqlmysql4096Feb2720:07var </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>shell</span><span class="tag">></span><span>ls-l/usr/local/mysql/var </span> </li> <li><span>total8 </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>drwx------2mysqlmysql4096Feb2720:08mysql </span></li> <li><span>drwx------2mysqlmysql4096Feb2720:08test </span></li> <li class="alt"> <span>shell</span><span class="tag">></span><span>ls-l/usr/local/mysql/var/mysql </span> </li> <li><span>total104 </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql0Feb2720:08columns_priv.MYD </span></li> <li><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql1024Feb2720:08columns_priv.MYI </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql8778Feb2720:08columns_priv.frm </span></li> <li><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql302Feb2720:08db.MYD </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql3072Feb2720:08db.MYI </span></li> <li><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql8982Feb2720:08db.frm </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql0Feb2720:08func.MYD </span></li> <li><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql1024Feb2720:08func.MYI </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql8641Feb2720:08func.frm </span></li> <li><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql0Feb2720:08host.MYD </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql1024Feb2720:08host.MYI </span></li> <li><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql8958Feb2720:08host.frm </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql0Feb2720:08tables_priv.MYD </span></li> <li><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql1024Feb2720:08tables_priv.MYI </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql8877Feb2720:08tables_priv.frm </span></li> <li><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql428Feb2720:08user.MYD </span></li> <li class="alt"><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql2048Feb2720:08user.MYI </span></li> <li><span>-rw-------1mysqlmysql9148Feb2720:08user.frm </span></li> </ol>
如果这些文件的属主及属性不是这样,请用以下两个命令修正之:
<ol class="dp-xml"> <li class="alt"><span><span>shell</span><span class="tag">></span><span>chown-Rmysql.mysql/usr/local/mysql/var </span></span></li> <li> <span>shell</span><span class="tag">></span><span>chmod-Rgo-rwx/usr/local/mysql/var </span> </li> </ol>
用root用户启动远程服务一直是安全大忌,因为如果服务程序出现问题,远程攻击者极有可能获得主机的完全控制权。MySQL从3.23.15版本开始时作了小小的改动,默认安装后服务要用mysql用户来启动,不允许root用户启动。
如果非要用root用户来启动,必须加上--user=root的参数(./safe_mysqld --user=root &)。因为MySQL中有LOAD DATA INFILE和SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE的SQL语句,如果是root用户启动了MySQL服务器,那么,MySQL数据库用户就拥有了root用户的写权限。不过MySQL还是做了一些限制的,比如LOAD DATA INFILE只能读全局可读的文件,SELECT ... INTO OUTFILE不能覆盖已经存在的文件。

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