Oracle约束的分类
数据库完整性(database Integrity)是数据库中数据的正确性和相容性,用来防止用户向数据库中添加不合法语义的数据。数据库完整性
数据库完整性(database Integrity)是数据库中数据的正确性和相容性,用来防止用户向数据库中添加不合法语义的数据。数据库完整性是由各种各样的完整性约束来保证的,可以说,数据库完整性设计就是数据库完整约束的设计。按照不同的角度可以将表的完整性约束分成不同的类型。主要可以选取两个角度:约束的作用域和约束的用途。
按照约束的作用可以将表的完整性约束分为如下两大类:
表级约束:应用于表,对于表中的多个列起作用。
列级约束:应用于表中的一列,,只对该列起作用。
按照约束的用途可以将表的完整性约束分为5类:
约束 简写 说明
not null c 非空约束(指定一列不允许存储空值)
primary key p 主键约束(主键由一列或多列组成,唯一标识表中的一列)
unique u 唯一约束(唯一约束,指定一列或一组列只能存储唯一的值)
check c 检查约束(指定一列或一组列的值必须存储唯一的值)
foreing key r 外键约束(外键引用到表另一个表中的一列)
视图user_constraints
可以通过查询数据字典视图user_constraints,可以了解当前用户模式中所有的约束的基本信息。
列 类型 说明
owner varchar2(30) 约束的所有者
constraint_name varchar2(30) 约束名
constraint_type varchar2(1) 约束类型
table_name varchar2(30) 约束所针对的表名
status varchar2(8) 约束的状态(enabled或disabled)
deferable varchar2(14) 该约束是否可延迟
deferrd varchar2(9) 立即执行还是延迟执行
通过查村数据字典视图user_cons_columns,可以了解定义约束的列
列 类型 说明
owner varchar2(30) 约束的所有者
constraint_name varchar2(30) 约束名
table_name varchar2(30) 约束所针对的表名
column_name varchar2(4000) 约束定义所针对的列明
具体的操作如下:
SQL> column owner format a6
SQL> column constraint_name format a15
SQL> column table_name format a10
SQL> column column_name format a10
SQL> select owner,constraint_name,table_name,column_name //约束的信息
2 from user_cons_columns
3 where table_name='T';
OWNER CONSTRAINT_NAME TABLE_NAME COLUMN_NAM
------ --------------- ---------- ----------
SYSTEM SYS_C0010065 T TID 约束的名称 所在的列
SYSTEM SYS_C0010064 T TID 约束的名称 所在的列
SQL>
SQL> select constraint_name,constraint_type //约束信息
2 from user_constraints
3 where table_name='T';
CONSTRAINT_NAME C
--------------- -
SYS_C0010065 P 主键约束
SYS_C0010064 C 非空约束
以上的内容来自学习的记录。
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