Oracle中的临时表、外部表和分区表
在Oracle中,临时表是ldquo;静态rdquo;的,它与普通的数据表一样只需要一次创建,其结构从创建到删除的整个期间都是有效的。相
临时表
在Oracle中,临时表是“静态”的,它与普通的数据表一样只需要一次创建,其结构从创建到删除的整个期间都是有效的。相对于其他类型的表,临时表只有在用户实际向表中添加数据时,才会为其分配空间,并且分配的空间来自临时表空间。这就避免了与永久对象的数据争用存储空间。
创建临时表的语法如下:
table_name( column_name data_type,[column_name data_type,...] )|PRESERVE ROWS;由于临时表存储的数据只在当前事务处理或者会话进行期间有效
因此,临时表分为事务级临时表和会话级临时表。
创建事务级临时表,需要使用ON COMMIT DELETE ROWS子句,事务级临时表的记录在每次提交事务后被自动删除。
例1:
tbl_user_transcation( ID ; 会话级临时表创建会话级临时表,需要使用ON COMMIT PRESERVE ROWS子句,会话级临时表的记录在用户与服务器断开连接后被自动删除。
例2:
tbl_user_session( ID ; 操作临时表对事务级临时表插入一条数据但不COMMIT事务:
* FROM tbl_user_transcation;此时,查询结果如下:
1 siege M 28/02/1991
若进行了COMMIT,则此时表中无数据,说明Oracle已经将数据删除了。
对事务级临时表插入一条数据:
* FROM tbl_user_session; COMMIT;此时即使提交了事务,tbl_user_session 中仍有数据。
此时当关闭session后(断开数据库连接),再连接数据库,查询时则无数据了。
注:在PL/SQL Developer默认配置为打开一个窗口,即重新建立一个session,因此要注意设置共享session,
外部表外部表是Oracle提供的、可读取操作系统的文件系统中存储的数据的一种只读表。外部表中的数据存储在操作系统的文件系统中,只能读,不能修改。
创建外部表先以SYSDBA身份登录,授予用户相关权限:
DIRECTORY TO siege;然后以用户身份登录创建目录:
CREATE DIRECTORY external_student AS 'D:\';最后创建外部表:
例3:
) LOCATION ('student.csv') )注:外部的D盘下的文件student.csv如下所示:
10001,siege,304,physics,80
查询tbl_external_student与上述显示一致。
分区表在大型数据库应用中,需要处理的数据量甚至可以达到TB级。为了提高读写和查询速度,Oracle提供了一种分区技术,用户可以在创建表时应用分区技术,将数据以分区形式保存。
分区是指将表或索引分隔成相对较小的、可独立管理的部分。分区后的表与未分区的表在执行DML语句时没有任何区别。
对表进行分区,必须为表中的每一条记录指定所属分区。一条记录属于哪一个分区是由分区表对该记录的匹配字段决定的。分区字段可以是表中的一个字段或者多个字段的组合,在创建分区表时决定的。当用户对分区表进行插入、更新或者删除时,Oracle会自动根据分区字段的值来选择存储的分区。
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