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MongoDB的C#驱动基本使用

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:08 PM

MongoDB的官方C#驱动可以通过这个链接得到。链接提供了.msi和.zip两种方式获取驱动dll文件。通过这篇文章来介绍C#驱动的基本数据

MongoDB的官方C#驱动可以通过这个链接得到。链接提供了.msi和.zip两种方式获取驱动dll文件。

通过这篇文章来介绍C#驱动的基本数据库连接,增删改查操作。

在使用C#驱动的时候,要在工程中添加"MongoDB.Bson.dll"和"MongoDB.Driver.dll"的引用。同时要在代码中加入下面两个using语句。

using MongoDB.Bson; using MongoDB.Driver; 

数据库连接

要建立数据库连接,就一定要知道服务器的地址、端口等信息。所有的这些信息,我们都使用连接字符串表示。MongoDB的连接字符串格式如下:

mongodb://[username:password@]host1[:port1][,host2[:port2],…[,hostN[:portN]]][/[database][?options]]

 下面看看连接字符串中的各个字段的含义:

在这里,使用文章"MongoDB管理"中的例子,test1和test2有各自的用户。当使用下面的连接字符串访问的时候,可以得到正确的验证,因为"Will1:Will1"对test1有读写权限。如果换成访问test2数据库,则会得到一个"Invalid credentials for database 'test2'"的异常输出。

; MongoClient client = new MongoClient(connectionStr); MongoServer server = client.GetServer(); MongoDatabase db = server.GetDatabase(); MongoCollection collection = db.GetCollection(); try { Console.WriteLine(+ db.Name); Console.WriteLine(+ collection.Name); Console.WriteLine(, collection.Count()); } catch (Exception e) { Console.WriteLine(e.Message); }

 从上面的代码中可以看到:

  • 如何获取client和server对象

    ; MongoClient client = new MongoClient(connectionStr); MongoServer server = client.GetServer();

  • 如何获得数据库和collection对象

    MongoDatabase db = server.GetDatabase(); MongoCollection collection = db.GetCollection(); 

  • BsonDocument对象模型

    在开始增删改查的介绍之前,要介绍一下BsonDocument对象模型。

    在MongoDB collection中,每个文档都可以看作一个Bson(Binary JSON)对象,所以在驱动中有个一个BsonDocument类型,可以通过下面的方式生成一个文档,并且通过Add方法添加键/值对。通过这种方式生成的BsonDocument对象可以直接插入collection中。

    BsonDocument student1 = new BsonDocument(); student1.Add(, 10); student1.Add(, ); student1.Add(, ); student1.Add(, 26);

    在MongoDB中,当用户对collection进行操作的时候可以有两种方式:

  • 通过BsonDocument对象模型
  • 通过自定义类型
  • 上面已经介绍过了BsonDocument对象,在这里我们也可以使用自己自定义的类型。比如,我们可以定义一个Student类型,将该类型的对象插入到collection中。

    public class Student { public ObjectId _id; public int sid; public string name; public string gender; public int age; }

    注意:当是用自定义类型的时候一定要有Id字段。

    上面两种方式都可以使用,而且各有好处,通过自定义类型的方式,可以使得collection中的文档有比较统一的模式;使用BsonDocument方式则可以支持更多的文档模式,也就是说如果一个collection中的文档拥有各种各样的模式,那么BsonDocument方式就会更灵活。

     

    插入数据

    关于数据的插入,我们可以使用collection中的"Insert()"方法。下面插入了两条记录。可以通过BsonDocument对象方式插入,也可以通过自定义类型方式插入。

    通过BsonDocument的方式,用户可以自由的定义文档的格式。例如,增加了一个“hobby”字段(Ps:不建议这么做,这样会对文档查询带来麻烦)。

    BsonDocument student1 = new BsonDocument(); student1.Add(, 10); student1.Add(, ); student1.Add(, ); student1.Add(, 26); student1.Add(, ,}); collection.Insert(student1); Student student2 = new Student(); student2.age = 27; student2.name = ; student2.gender = ; collection.Insert(student2);

     

    查询数据

    通过MongoDB driver,可以支持三种查询方法。

    QueryDocument

    这种方式的查询,类似我们在MongoDB shell中的条件查询。例如,查询年龄大于20的学生

    QueryDocument queryDocument = , ,20)); foreach (var student in collection.Find(queryDocument)) { Console.WriteLine(student); }

    当查询条件为多个的时候,例如,查询年龄大于20的男学生

    QueryDocument queryDocument = , , ,));

    Query Builder

    Query Builder是一种更简洁的方式,当通过这种方式查询的时候,我们需要使用driver中的builder来生成query。所以,要引用下面using语句

    using MongoDB.Driver.Builders;

    通过下面的语句,可以查询年龄大于20的学生

    , 20); foreach (var student in collection.Find(query)) { Console.WriteLine(student); }

    查询年龄大于20的男学生

    , , ));

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