Home Database Mysql Tutorial 了解MySQl数据库目录(1)

了解MySQl数据库目录(1)

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:07 PM
mysql learn database Table of contents

数据库目录是MySQL数据库服务器存放数据文件的地方,不仅包括有关表的文件,还包括数据文件和MySQL的服务器选项文件。不同的分发,数据库目录的缺省位置是不同的。 数据目录的位置 缺省的数据库位置 缺省数据库的位置编译在服务器中。 ◆如果您是在一个源程

数据库目录是MySQL数据库服务器存放数据文件的地方,不仅包括有关表的文件,还包括数据文件和MySQL的服务器选项文件。不同的分发,数据库目录的缺省位置是不同的。

数据目录的位置

缺省的数据库位置

缺省数据库的位置编译在服务器中。

◆如果您是在一个源程序分发包中安装 MySQL,典型的缺省位置可能是 /usr/local/var;

◆如果在二进制分发包中安装 MySQL,则为 /usr/local/mysql/ data;

◆在 RPM 文件中安装,为 /var/lib/mysql。

◆对于windwos平台上的分发,其位置时BASEDIR\data

数据目录的位置可以在启动服务器时通过--datadir = / path / to / dir 明确地指定。如果您想将数据目录放置在其他地方而非缺省的位置,则这个选项是有用的。

了解数据库目录的位置

作为一名 MySQL 管理员,您应该知道数据目录在哪里。如果运行多个服务器,那么您应该掌握所有数据目录的位置。但是,如果不知道目录的位置(或许您正在代替前一位管理员,而他留下的记录很糟糕),有几种方法可以用来查找它:

1、可使用 mysqladmin 变量直接从服务器中得到数据目录路径名。在 UNIX 中,输出结果类似于如下所示:

$mysqladmin variables
+-------------------------+---------------------------
| Variable_name           | Value                    
+-------------------------+---------------------------
| ansi_mode               | OFF                      
| back_log                | 50                       
| basedir                 | /var/local         
| connect_timeout         | 5                        
| concurrent_insert       | ON                       
| datadir                 | /usr/local/var 

该输出结果指明了服务器主机中数据目录的位置 /usr/local/var。
在 Windows 中,输出结果类似于如下所示:

c:\mysql\bin>mysqladmin variables
+-------------------------+---------------------------
| Variable_name           | Value                    
+-------------------------+---------------------------
| ansi_mode               | OFF                      
| back_log                | 50                       
| basedir                 | c:\mysql\         
| connect_timeout         | 5                        
| concurrent_insert       | ON          

如果正在运行多个服务器,它们将监听不同的 TCP/IP 端口号和套接字。可以通过提供合适的--port 或 --socket 选项连接到每个服务器监听的端口和套接字上:

$mysqladmin –port=port=port_num variables
$mysqladmin –socket=/path/to/socket variables
Copy after login

mysqladmin 命令可在您连接服务器的任何一台主机上运行。如果需要连接到远程主机上的服务器,则使用 --host = host_name 选项:

$mysqladmin –host=host_name varibles

2、在Unix平台上,可使用 ps 来查看任何当前执行 mysql 进程的命令行。试一试下列的命令(根据您的系统所支持的 ps 版本)并查找显示在输出结果中的这些命令的 --datadir:

$ps au | grep mysqld

如果系统运行多个服务器(因为一次发现了多个数据目录位置),则 ps 命令将会特别有用。它的缺点是:ps 必须运行在服务器的主机上,并且除非 --datadir 选项在 mysqld 命令行中明确指定,否则将产生无用的信息。

3、如果 MySQL 从源程序分发包中安装,可以检查其配置信息以确定数据目录的位置。例如,在最高级的 Makefile 中该位置是可用的。但是,要小心:位置是 Makefile 中的变量localstatedir 的值,而不是 datadir 的值。同样,如果分发包定位在 NFS 装配文件系统中,并且是用于为几个主机建立 MySQL的,则配置信息反映最近建立分发包的主机。它可能不显示您感兴趣的主机的数据目录。

4、如果前面的任何方法都不成功,可使用 find 搜索数据库文件。下列命令将搜索 .frm(描述)文件,它是 MySQL 安装程序的组成部分:

$find / -name  “*.frm” –print

在windows平台上的搜索非常简单,本节就不给出例子了。

在本章的这些例子中,笔者将 MySQL 数据目录的位置表示为 DATADIR。您可以将其解释成为您自己的机器中的数据目录的位置。

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