在MySQL中操作日期和时间(1)
日期和时间函数对建立一个站点是非常有用的。站点的主人往往对一个表中的数据何时被更新感兴趣。通过日期和时间函数,你可以在秒级跟踪一个表的改变。 日期和时间类型是DATETIME、DATE、TIMESTAMP、TIME和YEAR。这些的每一个都有合法值的一个范围,而“零”
日期和时间函数对建立一个站点是非常有用的。站点的主人往往对一个表中的数据何时被更新感兴趣。通过日期和时间函数,你可以在秒级跟踪一个表的改变。
日期和时间类型是DATETIME、DATE、TIMESTAMP、TIME和YEAR。这些的每一个都有合法值的一个范围,而“零”当你指定确实不合法的值时被使用。注意,MySQL允许你存储某个“不严格地”合法的日期值,例如1999-11-31,原因我们认为它是应用程序的责任来处理日期检查,而不是SQL服务器。为了使日期检查更“快”,MySQL仅检查月份在0-12的范围,天在0-31的范围。上述范围这样被定义是因为MySQL允许你在一个DATE或DATETIME列中存储日期,这里的天或月是零。这对存储你不知道准确的日期的一个生日的应用程序来说是极其有用的,在这种情况下,你简单地存储日期象1999-00-00或1999-01-00。(当然你不能期望从函数如DATE_SUB()或DATE_ADD()得到类似以这些日期的正确值)。
返回当前日期和时间
通过函数GETDATE(),你可以获得当前的日期和时间。例如,
CURDATE() 返回当前日期
CURRENT_DATE
以'YYYY-MM-DD'或YYYYMMDD格式返回今天日期值,取决于函数是在一个字符串还是数字上下文被使用。
mysql> select CURDATE();
+------------+
| CURDATE() |
+------------+
| 2001-02-20 |
+------------+
mysql> select CURDATE() + 0;
+-------------+
| CURDATE()+0 |
+-------------+
| 20010220 |
+-------------+
CURTIME() 返回当前时间
以'HH:MM:SS'或HHMMSS格式返回当前时间值,取决于函数是在一个字符串还是在数字的上下文被使用。
mysql> select CURTIME();
+-----------+
| CURTIME() |
+-----------+
| 10:42:38 |
+-----------+
mysql> select CURTIME() + 0;
+-------------+
| CURTIME()+0 |
+-------------+
| 104525 |
+-------------+
NOW() 返回当前时期和时间
NOW()以YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS的格式或者YYYYMMDDHHMMSS的格式返回日期和时间值,取决于上下文。
mysql>select now();
+---------------------+
| now() |
+---------------------+
| 2001-02-20 10:45:57 |
+---------------------+
mysql>select now()+0;
+----------------+
| now()+0 |
+----------------+
| 20010220105635 |
+----------------+
这些得到当前日期和时间的函数,对于日期和时间的计算很方便,尤其是计算一个时间到现在的时间差。例如,在pet表中,我们以天为单位计算宠物的年龄:
mysql> SELECT name,CURDATE()-birth FROM pet;
+----------+-----------------+
| name | CURDATE()-birth |
+----------+-----------------+
| Fluffy | 80016 |
| Claws | 69903 |
| Buffy | 119707 |
| Chirpy | 29309 |
| Fang | 109393 |
| Bowser | 109389 |
| Whistler | 39011 |
| Slim | 49791 |
| Puffball | 19890 |
+----------+-----------------+

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