Home Database Mysql Tutorial UseLocalOrGlobalIndex?

UseLocalOrGlobalIndex?

Jun 07, 2016 pm 04:05 PM
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经常我们需要将大表根据分区键进行分区,当建立索引的时候,我们到底使用local 还是global 索引呢 先看看两种索引的特点: 本地索引特点: 1. 本地索引一定是分区索引,分区键等同于表的分区键,分区数等同于表的分区说,一句话,本地索引的分区机制和表的分

经常我们需要将大表根据分区键进行分区,当建立索引的时候,我们到底使用local 还是global 索引呢

先看看两种索引的特点:

本地索引特点: 1. 本地索引一定是分区索引,分区键等同于表的分区键,分区数等同于表的分区说,一句话,本地索引的分区机制和表的分区机制一样。 2. 如果本地索引的索引列以分区键开头,则称为前缀局部索引。 3. 如果本地索引的列不是以分区键开头,或者不包含分区键列,则称为非前缀索引。 4. 前缀和非前缀索引都可以支持索引分区消除,前提是查询的条件中包含索引分区键。 5. 本地索引只支持分区内的唯一性,无法支持表上的唯一性,因此如果要用本地索引去给表做唯一性约束,则约束中必须要包括分区键列。 6. 本地分区索引是对单个分区的,每个分区索引只指向一个表分区,全局索引则不然,一个分区索引能指向 n个表分区,同时,一个表分区,也可能指向 n个索引分区,对分区表中的某个分区做 truncate或者 move, shrink等,可能会影响到 n个全局索引分区,正因为这点,本地分区索引具有更高的可用性。 7. 位图索引只能为本地分区索引。 8. 本地索引多应用于数据仓库环境中。 全局索引特点: 1.全局索引的分区键和分区数和表的分区键和分区数可能都不相同,表和全局索引的分区机制不一样。 2.全局索引可以分区,也可以是不分区索引,全局索引必须是前缀索引,即全局索引的索引列必须是以索引分区键作为其前几列。 3.全局分区索引的索引条目可能指向若干个分区,因此,对于全局分区索引,即使只截断一个分区中的数据,都需要 rebulid若干个分区甚至是整个索引。 4.全局索引多应用于 oltp系统中。 5.全局分区索引只按范围或者散列 hash分区, hash分区是 10g以后才支持。 6.oracle9i以后对分区表做move 或者truncate 的时可以用update global indexes语句来同步更新全局分区索引,用消耗一定资源来换取高度的可用性。 7.表用 a列作分区,索引用 b做局部分区索引,若 where条件中用 b来查询,那么 oracle会扫描所有的表和索引的分区,成本会比分区更高,此时可以考虑用 b做全局分区索引。 通常开发人员喜欢建立local索引,因为在删除分区的时候不需要重建索引。但是有时候本地索引将会带来很大的性能影响:
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                          |Name                  | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |Buffers |Pstart| Pstop |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 |SELECT STATEMENT                   |                       |      1 |        |   1493 |   2984 |      |       |
|   1 |  PARTITION RANGEALL               |                       |      1 |   1493 |   1493 |   2984 |    1 |  1493 |
|   2 |  TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID| PARTITIONED_TAB       |   1493 |   1493 |   1493 |   2984 |    1 |  1493 |
|*  3 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN                | LC_NON_PREFIXED_TYP_I |   1492 |   1493 |   1493 |   1492 |    1 |  1493 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Predicate Information (identifiedby operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
3 - access(MHO_TYP_ID=0)
 
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
0     recursive calls
0     db block gets
2984  consistent gets
0     physical reads
0     redosize
28937 bytes sent via SQL*Netto client
372   bytes received via SQL*Netfrom client
4     SQL*Net roundtripsto/fromclient
0     sorts (memory)
0     sorts (disk)
1493 rows processed
Copy after login
LC_NON_PREFIXED_TYP_I执行了1942次,这种情况如果我们加上适当的条件,尽量减少分区的扫描:
SQL>select * from partitioned_tab
     wheremho_typ_id = 0
     and mho_date = to_date('01122012','ddmmyyyy');
 
MHO_ID MHO_DATE          M MHO_TYP_ID
---------- ----------------- - ----------
1 20121201 00:00:00 Z          0
 
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                          |Name                  | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | Buffers | Pstart| Pstop |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 |SELECT STATEMENT                   |                       |      1 |        |      1 |       2 |       |       |
|   1 |  PARTITION RANGE SINGLE            |                       |      1 |      1 |      1 |       2 |     2 |     2 |
|*  2 |  TABLE ACCESS BY LOCAL INDEX ROWID| PARTITIONED_TAB       |      1 |      1 |      1 |       2 |     2 |     2 |
|*  3 |   INDEX RANGE SCAN                | LC_NON_PREFIXED_TYP_I |      1 |      1 |      1 |       1 |     2 |     2 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Predicate Information (identifiedby operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - filter(MHO_DATE=TO_DATE(' 2012-12-01 00:00:00','syyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'))
3 - access(MHO_TYP_ID=0)

这次LC_NON_PREFIXED_TYP_I只执行了一次
那我们换成global index呢?
Copy after login
SQL>select * from partitioned_tab where mho_typ_id = 0;
 
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id  | Operation                          |Name            | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows |Buffers | Pstart| Pstop |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|   0 |SELECT STATEMENT                   |                 |      1 |        |   1493 |   1496 |       |       |
|   1 | TABLE ACCESS BY GLOBAL INDEX ROWID| PARTITIONED_TAB |      1 |   1493 |   1493 |   1496 | ROWID | ROWID |
|*  2 |  INDEX RANGE SCAN                 | GL_TYP_I        |      1 |   1493 |   1493 |      4 |       |       |
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
Predicate Information (identifiedby operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - access(MHO_TYP_ID=0)
 
Statistics
----------------------------------------------------------
1     recursive calls
0     db block gets
1496  consistent gets
1493  physical reads
0     redosize
28937 bytes sent via SQL*Netto client
372   bytes received via SQL*Netfrom client
4     SQL*Net roundtripsto/fromclient
0     sorts (memory)
0     sorts (disk)
1493 rows processed
Copy after login
索引只执行了一次,consistent gets为1496 是用local的一半。索引建立global或local index 我们需要根据分区数量、分区稳定性、sql语句综合考虑。

 

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