Chapter3ProtectingtheData(4):创建和使用应用程序角色
原文出处:http://blog.csdn.net/dba_huangzj/article/details/39927713,专题目录:http://blog.csdn.net/dba_huangzj/article/details/37906349 未经作者同意,任何人不得以原创形式发布,也不得已用于商业用途,本人不负责任何法律责任。 前一篇:http://b
原文出处:http://blog.csdn.net/dba_huangzj/article/details/39927713,专题目录:http://blog.csdn.net/dba_huangzj/article/details/37906349未经作者同意,任何人不得以“原创”形式发布,也不得已用于商业用途,本人不负责任何法律责任。
前一篇:http://blog.csdn.net/dba_huangzj/article/details/39639365
前言:
数据库角色用于管理数据库内部的访问和权限。数据库角色成员是能通过客户端软件如SSMS连接SQL Server的数据库用户,但是你可能希望授予某个特殊用户一些特权,但是仅限制于某个应用程序而不是SSMS时,第一个解决方案是使用专用SQL 帐号作为应用程序的登录。但是这个方案的缺点是需要使用SQL Server身份验证,并且不能标识出哪个用户正在连接SQL Server。但是可以使用同一个应用程序登录名,并且使用Windows身份验证,因此能更好地标识应用程序的用户,从而在必要的时候提升权限。
实现:
1. 打开SSMS,在特定数据库的【安全性】→【角色】下,右键【应用程序角色】,选择【新建应用程序角色】:
2. 输入角色名、密码和可选的默认架构,如果为空即为dbo:
3. 在【安全对象】页,可以和数据库角色一样管理应用程序角色的权限:
4.也可以使用T-SQL实现这个操作:
CREATE APPLICATION ROLE MarketingReports WITH PASSWORD = N'A complex password please';
5. 当在程序中使用应用程序角色时,使用sp_setapprole系统存储过程修改会话的上下文:
EXEC sp_setapprole @rolename = 'MarketingReports', @password = N'A complex password please';
执行了这个存储过程之后,当前会话将运行在应用程序角色的上下文下,并且可以通过授权替代原有数据库用户的权限。
原理:
应用程序角色尽可以在代码中使用,并且仅能使用sp_setapprole存储过程,由于密码传输是明文,所以需要使用如SSL来加密传输链接。在切换上下文之后,应用程序角色的上下文会持续到断开服务器连接,如果需要恢复但不断开连接,可以使用sp_unsetapprole:
DECLARE @cookie varbinary(8000); EXEC sp_setapprole @rolename = 'MarketingReports', @password = N'A complex password please', @fCreateCookie = true, @cookie = @cookie OUTPUT; -- do something, then revert : EXEC sp_unsetapprole @cookie;
更多:
下面的C#片段,可以在连接后马上使用应用程序角色:
using (SqlConnection cn = new SqlConnection(connectionString)) { SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand(); cmd.Connection = cn; cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text; cmd.CommandText = "EXEC sp_setapprole @rolename = 'MarketingReports', @password = N'A complex password please'"; cn.Open(); int res = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); }

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