Home Database Mysql Tutorial INSERT...ONDUPLICATEKEYUPDATE

INSERT...ONDUPLICATEKEYUPDATE

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:55 PM

向数据库插入记录时,有时会有这种需求,当符合某种条件的数据存在时,去修改它,不存在时,则新增,也就是saveOrUpdate操作。这种控制可以放在业务层,也可以放在数据库层,大多数数据库都支持这种需求,如Oracle的merge语句,再如本文所讲的MySQL中的INSER

向数据库插入记录时,有时会有这种需求,当符合某种条件的数据存在时,去修改它,不存在时,则新增,也就是saveOrUpdate操作。这种控制可以放在业务层,也可以放在数据库层,大多数数据库都支持这种需求,如Oracle的merge语句,再如本文所讲的MySQL中的INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE语句。

该语句是基于唯一索引或主键使用,比如一个字段a被加上了unique index,并且表中已经存在了一条记录值为1,下面两个语句会有相同的效果:

INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3)
  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=c+1;

UPDATE table SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1;
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ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE后面可以放多个字段,用英文逗号分割。使用ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,最终如果插入了一个新行,则受影响的行数是1,如果修改了已存在的一行数据,则受影响的行数是2。

如果字段b也被加上了unique index,则该语句和下面的update语句是等效的:

UPDATE table SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1 OR b=2 LIMIT 1;
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如果a=1 OR b=2匹配了多行,则只有一行会被修改。通常的,在ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE语句中,我们应该避免多个唯一索引的情况。如果需要插入或更新多条数据,并且更新的字段需要根据其它字段来运算时,可以使用如下语句:
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6)
  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=VALUES(a)+VALUES(b);
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在ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE后面使用VALUES()方法,这个语句等同于下面的两个语句:
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3)
  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=3;--1+2
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (4,5,6)
  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=9;--4+5
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如果一个表中包含了一个auto_increment的字段,每次insert数据后,可以通过last_insert_id()方法返回最后自动生成的值,如果通过INSERT ... ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE语句修改了一条数据,那么再通过last_insert_id()方法获取的值将不正确,实际测试中是多了一个数,比如向表中增加了3条数据,那么通过last_insert_id()方法得到的值是3,但是通过该语句修改了一条数据后,通过last_insert_id()方法得到的值是4。如果想解决该问题,可以通过如下语句:
INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3)
  ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE id=LAST_INSERT_ID(id), c=3; 
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重点是这句id=LAST_INSERT_ID(id)。

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