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oracle Control Files 杂谈

Jun 07, 2016 pm 03:37 PM
control files oracle

最近在群里,看到很多群友都是控制文件出问题了,所以今天我想说一下Control Files的特性。 Control Files 的特性如下 Control Files是声明在数据库属性文件(SPFILE|PFILE)里面的,每次数据库启动的时候,都会读取第一个控制文件的,但是如果 Control Files有

       最近在群里,看到很多群友都是控制文件出问题了,所以今天我想说一下Control Files的特性。

     Control Files的特性如下

     Control Files是声明在数据库属性文件(SPFILE|PFILE)里面的,每次数据库启动的时候,都会读取第一个控制文件的,但是如果 Control Files有改变的话,会同时写入所有声明的控制文件。如果所有声明的控制文件有一个坏了,那么数据库也mount不了。如果你物理上面删除一个 Control Files文件,数据库可能不会马上报错,只有在数据库需要写入 Control Files文件的时候,才会报错。

[oracle@localhost ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Sat May 31 10:07:29 2014

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

SQL> show parameter control_files

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
control_files                        string      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/c
                                                 ontrol01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/
                                                 oradata/PROD/control02.ctl
SQL> 
Copy after login
      这里面有2个控制文件,一般都是3个放在不同硬盘上面。

      我们大家都知道,一般数据库之间各个文件之间的SCN号不一致的时候,要恢复的,那么怎么看呢。

oracle Control Files 杂谈

    这张图就说明了,控制文件的SCN号与数据文件SCN不同时候,数据库的反应。去哪里看相应的SCN号呢?

SQL> desc v$datafile;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 FILE#                                              NUMBER
 CREATION_CHANGE#                                   NUMBER
 CREATION_TIME                                      DATE
 TS#                                                NUMBER
 RFILE#                                             NUMBER
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)
 ENABLED                                            VARCHAR2(10)
 CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#                                 NUMBER
 CHECKPOINT_TIME                                    DATE
 UNRECOVERABLE_CHANGE#                              NUMBER
 UNRECOVERABLE_TIME                                 DATE
 LAST_CHANGE#                                       NUMBER
 LAST_TIME                                          DATE
 OFFLINE_CHANGE#                                    NUMBER
 ONLINE_CHANGE#                                     NUMBER
 ONLINE_TIME                                        DATE
 BYTES                                              NUMBER
 BLOCKS                                             NUMBER
 CREATE_BYTES                                       NUMBER
 BLOCK_SIZE                                         NUMBER
 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(513)
 PLUGGED_IN                                         NUMBER
 BLOCK1_OFFSET                                      NUMBER
 AUX_NAME                                           VARCHAR2(513)
 FIRST_NONLOGGED_SCN                                NUMBER
 FIRST_NONLOGGED_TIME                               DATE
 FOREIGN_DBID                                       NUMBER
 FOREIGN_CREATION_CHANGE#                           NUMBER
 FOREIGN_CREATION_TIME                              DATE
 PLUGGED_READONLY                                   VARCHAR2(3)
 PLUGIN_CHANGE#                                     NUMBER
 PLUGIN_RESETLOGS_CHANGE#                           NUMBER
 PLUGIN_RESETLOGS_TIME                              DATE

SQL> select FILE# ,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile;

     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
         1            1210981
         2            1210981
         3            1210981
         4            1210981
         5            1210981

SQL> 
SQL> desc v$datafile_header;
 Name                                      Null?    Type
 ----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
 FILE#                                              NUMBER
 STATUS                                             VARCHAR2(7)
 ERROR                                              VARCHAR2(18)
 FORMAT                                             NUMBER
 RECOVER                                            VARCHAR2(3)
 FUZZY                                              VARCHAR2(3)
 CREATION_CHANGE#                                   NUMBER
 CREATION_TIME                                      DATE
 TABLESPACE_NAME                                    VARCHAR2(30)
 TS#                                                NUMBER
 RFILE#                                             NUMBER
 RESETLOGS_CHANGE#                                  NUMBER
 RESETLOGS_TIME                                     DATE
 CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#                                 NUMBER
 CHECKPOINT_TIME                                    DATE
 CHECKPOINT_COUNT                                   NUMBER
 BYTES                                              NUMBER
 BLOCKS                                             NUMBER
 NAME                                               VARCHAR2(513)
 SPACE_HEADER                                       VARCHAR2(40)
 LAST_DEALLOC_CHANGE#                               VARCHAR2(16)
 UNDO_OPT_CURRENT_CHANGE#                           VARCHAR2(40)

SQL> select FILE# ,CHECKPOINT_CHANGE# from v$datafile_header;

     FILE# CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#
---------- ------------------
         1            1210981
         2            1210981
         3            1210981
         4            1210981
         5            1210981

SQL> 
Copy after login

    v$datafile:从控制文件里面查询的SCN

  v$datafile_header:从数据文件里面查询的SCN


 看来控制文件是很重要的啊,那么怎么备份控制文件呢。

SQL> alter database backup controlfile to '/home/oracle/controlfile.bkp'; #备份出一个二进制的文件,可以直接使用

Database altered.

SQL> 
SQL> alter database backup controlfile to trace as '/home/oracle/controlfile.txt'; #备份出一个文本文件里面有SQL脚本

Database altered.
Copy after login
    备份的方式当然还有rman命令啊
[root@localhost ~]# su - oracle
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ls
controlfile.bkp  controlfile.txt  database  my.txt  sql.html
[oracle@localhost ~]$ 
[oracle@localhost ~]$ ll
total 9576
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 9748480 May 31 10:19 controlfile.bkp --刚才二进制方式的备份文件
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall    5816 May 31 10:20 controlfile.txt --备份的带文本文件,以后说明怎么用
drwxr-xr-x 7 oracle oinstall    4096 Aug 27  2013 database
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   10134 Jan 18 20:58 my.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall   14731 Jan 18 21:00 sql.html
[oracle@localhost ~]$ 
[oracle@localhost ~]$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/PROD/
[oracle@localhost PROD]$ ll
total 1949180
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 May 31 10:22 control01.ctl  --这个是数据库里面正在使用的控制文件,大小和<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">二进制方式的备份文件一样</span>
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall   9748480 May 31 10:22 control02.ctl
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 362422272 May 31 10:06 example01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 May 31 10:06 redo01.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 May 31 10:06 redo02.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52429312 May 31 10:21 redo03.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 534781952 May 31 10:17 sysaux01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 807411712 May 31 10:12 system01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  20979712 Feb  6 09:31 temp01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  52436992 May 31 10:17 undotbs01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall  57679872 May 31 10:06 users01.dbf
[oracle@localhost PROD]$ 
[oracle@localhost PROD]$ 
Copy after login

      那么什么时候我们要备份控制文件呢?就一个原则,控制文件变化了,我们需要备份了,一般下面命令出现的时候,建议大家备份

oracle Control Files 杂谈

    看来以后控制文件要好好的看着啊。



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