JDBC连接MySQL数据库的流程及其原理
在开发环境中加载指定数据库的驱动程序。例如,使用的数据库是MySQL,所以需要去下载MySQL支持JDBC的驱动程序,,关键是这个JAR文件
1、在开发环境中加载指定数据库的驱动程序。例如,使用的数据库是MySQL,所以需要去下载MySQL支持JDBC的驱动程序,,关键是这个JAR文件,mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar;开发环境是MyEclipse使用eclipse也可以,将下载得到的驱动程序加载进开发环境中。
2、在Java程序中加载驱动程序。在Java程序中,可以通过 “Class.forName(“指定数据库的驱动程序”)” 方式来加载添加到开发环境中的驱动程序,例如加载MySQL的数据驱动程序的代码为: Class.forName(“com.mysql.jdbc.Driver”)。
3、创建数据连接对象:通过DriverManager类创建数据库连接对象Connection。DriverManager类作用于Java程序和JDBC驱动程序之间,用于检查所加载的驱动程序是否可以建立连接,然后通过它的getConnection方法,根据数据库的URL、用户名和密码,创建一个JDBC Connection 对象。如:Connection connection = DriverManager.geiConnection(“连接数据库的URL", "用户名", "密码”)。其中,URL=协议名+IP地址(域名)+端口+数据库名称;用户名和密码是指登录数据库时所使用的用户名和密码。具体示例创建MySQL的数据库连接代码如下:
Connection connectMySQL = DriverManager.geiConnection(“jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/myuser","root" ,"root" );
4、创建Statement对象:Statement 类的主要是用于执行静态 SQL 语句并返回它所生成结果的对象。通过Connection 对象的 createStatement()方法可以创建一个Statement对象。例如:Statement statament = connection.createStatement(); 具体示例创建Statement对象代码如下:
Statement statamentMySQL =connectMySQL.createStatement();
5、调用Statement对象的相关方法执行相对应的 SQL 语句:通过execuUpdate()方法用来数据的更新,包括插入和删除等操作,例如向staff表中插入一条数据的代码:
statement.excuteUpdate( "INSERT INTO staff(name, age, sex,address, depart, worklen,wage)" + " VALUES ('Tom1', 321, 'M', 'china','Personnel','3','3000' ) ") ;
通过调用Statement对象的executeQuery()方法进行数据的查询,而查询结果会得到 ResulSet对象,,ResulSet表示执行查询数据库后返回的数据的集合,ResulSet对象具有可以指向当前数据行的指针。通过该对象的next()方法,使得指针指向下一行,然后将数据以列号或者字段名取出。如果当next()方法返回null,则表示下一行中没有数据存在。使用示例代码如下:
ResultSet resultSel = statement.executeQuery( "select * from staff" );
6、关闭数据库连接:使用完数据库或者不需要访问数据库时,通过Connection的close() 方法及时关闭数据连接。
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