MySQL AB复制详述
实验所需主机:master:vm1 172.25.254.1slave1:vm2 172.25.254.2slave2:vm3 172.25.254.3在三台主机上分别安装mysql-serveryu
实验所需主机:
master:vm1 172.25.254.1
slave1:vm2 172.25.254.2
slave2:vm3 172.25.254.3
在三台主机上分别安装mysql-server
yum install -y mysql-server
1.master端的配置
[root@vm1 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]下面加入
log-bin=mysql-bin #启动二进制日志系统
server-id=1 #必须为 1 到 232–1 之间的一个正整数值
binlog-do-db=westos #二进制需要同步的数据库名,如果需要同步多个库,例如要再同步 test库,再添加一行“binlog-do-db=test”,以此类推
binlog-ignore-db=mysql #禁止同步 mysql 数据库
启动master端数据库
[root@vm1 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
给数据库授权,让172.25.254.网段的主机以用户westos,密码westos来访问数据库
mysql> grant replication slave, reload,super on *.* to westos@'172.25.254.%' identified by 'westos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000003 | 348 | westos | mysql |
+------------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
记录 File 和 Position 的值,下面会用到
2.slave1(vm2)配置
[root@vm2 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]加入
server-id=2
启动slave1数据库
[root@vm2 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start
在数据库中做如下操作
mysql> change master to master_host='172.25.254.1', master_user='westos', master_password='westos', master_log_file='mysql-bin.000003', master_log_pos=348;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.57 sec)
###master_log_file 为master端数据库的二进制文件(可以在master端 cd /var/lib/mysql mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000003 进行查看) master_log_pos 为数据库要同步的点
mysql> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> show slave status\G;
...
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
如果都是 yes,表示从库的 I/O,Slave_SQL 线程都正确开启.表明数据库开始同步
注意:在同步之前确保 master 与 slave 上的数据一致性。
3.测试
在master端进行操作,查看slave1(vm2)端数据库是否同步
master(vm1)端
mysql> create database westos;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use westos
Database changed
mysql> create table users (
-> username varchar (15) not null,
-> password varchar (25) not null
-> );
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.24 sec)
mysql> insert into users values ('user1','123');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> insert into users values ('user2','456');
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from users;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 123 |
| user2 | 456 |
+----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
slave1(vm2)端
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| test |
| westos |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> use westos
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
mysql> select * from users;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| user1 | 123 |
| user2 | 456 |
+----------+----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
如果写操作较少,而读操作很多时,可以采取这种结构,一个做master,,其他的做slave。可以将读操作分布到其它的 slave,从而减小master 的压力。但是,当 slave 增加到一定数量时,slave 对 master 的负载以及网络带宽都会成为一个严重的问题。这种结构虽然简单,但是,它却非常灵活,足够满足大多数应用需求。
4.当设置 log_slave_updates 时,你可以让 slave 扮演其它 slave 的 master。此时,slave 把 SQL 线程执行的事件写进行自己的二进制日志(binary log),然后,其它的 slave 可以获取这些事件并执行它,从而有效缓解master 的压力。其配置方法如下:
添加slave2(vm3)
1)由于 master 上已经有数据,而新加的 slave2 没有,必须在配置复制前同步数据。
同步数据有两种方法:
第一种:
在 master 上执行以下命令:
[root@vm1 ~]# mysqldump westos > westos.bak
[root@vm1 ~]# scp westos.bak 172.25.254.3:

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