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Linux 非图形界面安装Oracle数据库

Jun 07, 2016 pm 02:58 PM

一个未开图形界面的Linux OS,如何安装Oracle软件及数据库,如下是2大步骤

注释:

一个未开图形界面的Linux OS,,如何安装Oracle软件及数据库,如下是2大步骤

  • 克隆软件
  • 手动建库
  • 一、克隆软件

    1、基本配置

    1.1)系统软件包安装 

    yum -y install binutils compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33.i686 elfutils-libelf elfutils-libelf-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc.i686 glibc-common glibc-devel glibc-devel.i686 glibc-headers ksh libaio libaio.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel.i686 libgcc  libgcc.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++.i686 libstdc++-devel make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC-devel

    1.2)用户创建

    1.3)文件配置

        1.3.1) 环境变量 

                  vi ~oracle/.bash_profile

                  export ORACLE_BASE=/data/app/oracle

                  export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0.4/db_1

                  export ORACLE_SID=test                                                                                # 最多 8个字符 ; 操作系统和 oracle实例关联的纽带 ;ORACLE_HOME+ORACLE_SID==>hash==> 共享内存段

                  export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/bin                        #      将安装后的 oracle 命令追加到执行搜索路径

                  export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib            #            动态库的位置

          export nls_lang="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.ZHS16GBK"      #客户端字符集设置

                  # 加载配置 :oracle 用户注销重新登录 或 source .bash_profile 

        1.3.2) 主机 

              echo "10.240.1.7 Database-backup" >>  /etc/hosts    #避免报错startup noumount时报错ORA-00000: normal, successful completion

        1.3.3) 软件目录 

              mkdir -p /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1

                chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/app

          1.3.4) 资源限制

                1.3.4,1) vim /etc/sysctl.conf  添加到文件底端

                        kernel.shmall = 2097152                           

                        #Total amount of shared memory available(bytes or pages); 页的数量 ;2097152*4096/1024/1024/1024=8G; 如果内存大于 8G,必须修改此参数

                        kernel.shmmax = 2147483648

                        # 要>= 物理内存的一半 Maximum size of shared memory segment(bytes); 建议 >=sga_max_size(oracle申请内存大小 );

                        # 单个程序内存段最大多少 ;4G 的话分为两段 mem_seg1 mem_seg2,影响效率 ;

                        kernel.shmmni = 4096                 

                        #            Maximum number of shared memory segments system-wide; 页的大小 ;

                      kernel.sem = SEMMSL SEMMNS SEMOPM SEMMNI

                                              SEMMSL      Maximum number of semaphores per set; 每个信号对象集的最大信号对象数

                                              SEMMNS      Maximum number of semaphores system-wide; 系统范围内最大信号对象数 ;SEMMNS = SEMMSL*SEMMNI

                                              SEMOPM        每个信号对象支持的最大操作数

                                              SEMMNI      Maximum number of semaphore identifiers; 系统范围内最大信号对象集数

                      fs.file-max                                  #系统中所允许的文件句柄最大数目

                      net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range          # 应用程序可使用的 IPv4 端口范围

                      net.core.rmem_default                  #套接字接收缓冲区大小的缺省值

                      net.core.rmem_max                      #套接字接收缓冲区大小的最大值

                      net.core.wmem_default                  #套接字发送缓冲区大小的缺省值

                      net.core.wmem_max                    #套接字发送缓冲区大小的最大值

                      #注释:OS32bit,oracle 最多申请 1.7G; 应该装64bitOS

                      #加载参数 sysctl -p

    1.3.4 ,2) /etc/security/limits.conf  oracle 在 linux 上操作的limit

                            [root@dba ~]# grep -v '^#' /etc/security/limits.conf

                          oracle soft nproc 2047      #oracle 在 linux上打开 proc 数量

                          oracle hard nproc 16384

                          oracle soft nofile 1024          #oracle 在 linux上打开 file 的数量

                          oracle hard nofile 65536

                          [root@dba ~]# grep 'limit' /etc/pam.d/system-auth

                          session    required      pam_limits.so

                1.3.4,3) 关闭防火墙、SELINUX 

                            iptables -F

                            更改 /etc/selinux/config 文件 -->SELINUX=disabled

    2、克隆 ORACLE_HOME

            2.1)复制

            scp  db_1 oracle@10.240.1.7:/data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/

          2.2)执行clone.pl 克隆脚本更改参数配置(ORACLE_SID、ORACLE_HOME)

          $ cd /data/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.4/db_1/clone/bin

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