Print Css控制打印效果_html/css_WEB-ITnose
不经过任何处理而直接打印网站上的页面会得到一个不理想的效果。显示器(screen)和打印机(printer)是两种差别很大的设备,所以从浏览器里看到的页面,打印出来也许和你看到的样子有很大的差距。因此如果要精确的控制打印效果就应该使用print css。接下来，我们来先了解一些语法。
语法
@media
- 描述: @media用于指定的设备类型使用不同的样式。
- 语法：@media sMedia { sRules }
- 说明：sMedia：设备类型,sRules：样式表定义
- 兼容性：IE5+（这里只是指CSS2，C33@media的功能更加强大，但是只有IE9+支持）
| 设备类型 | CSS版本 | 兼容性 | 简介 |
|---|---|---|---|
| all | CSS2 | IE4+ | 用于所有设备类型 |
| aural | CSS2 | NONE | 用于语音和音乐合成器 |
| braille | CSS2 | NONE | 用于触觉反馈设备 |
| embossed | CSS2 | NONE | 用于凸点字符（盲文）印刷设备 |
| handheld | CSS2 | NONE | 用于小型或手提设备 |
| CSS2 | IE4+ | 用于打印机 | |
| projection | CSS2 | NONE | 用于投影图像，如幻灯片 |
| screen | CSS2 | IE4+ | 用于计算机显示器 |
| tty | CSS2 | NONE | 用于使用固定间距字符格的设备。如电传打字机和终端 |
| tv | CSS2 | NONE | 用于电视类设备 |
@page
- 描述: 用于指定打印页面的一些属性,包括纸张尺寸,方向,页边距,分页等特性。
- 语法：@page { sRules }
- 说明：：页面标识符 ：打印伪类:first, :left, :right
- 兼容性：IE6+
使用
重新针对打印写CSS样式是没有必要的，我们只需要针对差异设置打印的样式覆盖掉之前的默认样式。
// 设置显示器用字体尺寸@media screen {body {font-size:12pt; }}// 设置打印机用字体尺寸@media print {body {font-size:8pt;}}像素单位
在编写打印样式表的时候，你要注意要使用厘米或者英寸作为单位而不是屏幕像素单位，实际的单位对打印非常有用。常见的DPI(Dot Per Inch)为96的screen,px与cm的换算关系如下：
-
1 inch = 2.54 cm
-
1cm = 96/2.54 ≈ 37.80 px
-
1px = 2.54/96 ≈ 0.0265 cm
-
100px = 2.65 cm
A4纸的标准尺寸为:
- 21.0cm * 29.7 cm
在96DPI分辨率下,其对应的像素尺寸大约为:
- 794px * 1123px
页边距
为了保证打印样式有用，写CSS样式使打印的内容距离纸张边缘，看起来更好，需要使用 @page 这个语法：
@media print { @page { margin: 2cm; }}换页打印
- 为了保证不被跨页打印，如防止一个标题和内容在页面底部被分开：
h2, h3 { page-break-after: avoid; }- 确保 articles 文章标签的内容能在新的一页开始：
article { page-break-before: always;}- 防止列表和图片分开在不同的页：
ul, img { page-break-inside: avoid;}- 属性介绍
| 属性 | 描述 | CSS |
|---|---|---|
| page-break-after | 设置元素后的分页行为 | 2 |
| page-break-before | 设置元素前的分页行为 | 2 |
| page-break-inside | 设置元素内部的分页行为 | 2 |
| 值 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| auto | 默认。如果必要则在元素后插入分页符。 |
| always | 在元素后插入分页符。在遇到特定的组件时，打印机会重新开始一个新的打印页 |
| avoid | 避免在元素后插入分页符。 |
| left | 在元素之后足够的分页符，一直到一张空白的左页为止。 |
| right | 在元素之后足够的分页符，一直到一张空白的右页为止。 |
| inherit | 规定应该从父元素继承 page-break-after 属性的设置。 |
背景图片和颜色
如果用户是在 webkit 内核浏览器上打印的话，我们可以强制打印机打印屏幕上所看到的颜色（即强制在打印页面上出现任何的背景图和颜色），一般来说彩色打印机可以做到这点，我们需要一个单独的媒体查询：
@media print and (color) { * { -webkit-print-color-adjust: exact; print-color-adjust: exact; }}注意:在firefox opera 和IE，不能使用背景图和颜色。
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