Home Web Front-end PS Tutorial PS入门学习须要注意的十个要点

PS入门学习须要注意的十个要点

Mar 19, 2017 pm 01:17 PM
Introductory learning Notice Main points

Adobe Photoshop是目前最流行的平面设计软件之一。可以说,只要你接触平面设计,那么无论早晚,你都要和它打交道。关于Photoshop,要说的实在太多太多,但不论你想让它成为你的左膀右臂,或者仅仅是用它来做一些最基础的图像处理工作,那么下面的10件事都是你一定要知道的,无论你是个初学者或是已经对它有了一定的了解。

1.快捷键的使用:

这是Photoshop基础中的基础,却也是提高工作效率的最佳方法。快捷键的使用,使你可以将精力更好的集中在你的作品而不是工具面板上。一旦你能够熟练的使用快捷键,你就可以使用全屏的工作方式,省却了不必要的面板位置,使视野更开阔,最大限度的利用屏幕空间;一些简单的命令可以用键盘来完成,不必分心在工具的选择上,哪怕它只占用了极少的时间,但我们更希望在工作时不被打断。

注意:你应该尽量多使用快捷键,下面的这些快捷键是提高效率的好帮手,但不知为什么很多书中都一带而过,甚至没有提及,请一定要牢牢记住。

Ctrl+J:复制当前图层到一个新层;

J:切换到喷枪工具;

M:切换到选框工具;

[ ]:在当前工具为画笔模式时(包括喷枪、画笔、铅笔、仿制图章历史画笔、橡皮及模糊和加深等工具),依次增减笔头大小;

Shift+BackSpace:调出填充对话框。

一开始,你可能无法记住所有的快捷键,可以使用Photoshop的工具提示来帮助你。方法是打开编辑>预置>常规,选择“显示工具提示”。这样,当你把鼠标移动到工具面板上时,工具名称和其快捷键就会出现,直到你移走鼠标才会消失。

2.无接缝贴图:

无论是对3D图像或是网页的制作,无接缝贴图都是很重要的,我们可以在Photoshop中轻易的完成。定制好你的图像后,运行滤镜>其它>位移,在水平和垂直方向上位移,一般设置位移量为图像大小的一半,最重要的是将未定义区域设为折回。在完成位移之后,用橡皮图章工具在图像的拼合处涂抹,消除接缝,然后将图像定义为图案。用这种图案填充,就可以得到无缝的背景图像。

3.为常用的组合命令定制动作:

在处理图像的时侯,很多情况下我们都会用到组合命令。譬如,需要将一个多层图像的文档移动到另一个文档中。最快捷且安全的方法是:新建一层Shift+CTRL+N;拼合以下所有可见图层Shift+Alt+CTRL+E;选择全部图像Ctrl+A;复制CTRL+C;取消选择Ctrl+D;删除当前图层。这组命令是为图像建立一个映象,它包含了当前层之下的所有可见层图像,这时你的剪贴板上已经留下了图像的内容,只要把它粘贴在需要的文档中就可以了。这是个很典型的例子,尽管你可以使用一系列的快捷键来完成这组命令,但还是推荐把它储存为一个动作,在动作选项面板中,你可以为这个动作设置一个方便的功能键,如Shift+F2,这样你随时调用,非常方便,尤其是将图像从Photoshop导入到其它应用程序中的时侯,节约的时间相当可观!Shift,Control和F2到F12这些不同的组合,可以定义不少的动作,大幅度的提高效率。

4.自动选择图层:

相当不起眼的一个小动作,却非常又用,特别是在一些多图层的大型文件中,即使规规矩矩的为每个图层命令,按顺序叠放图层,在选择时也是较为麻烦的——你可能会记不清它们分属哪些图层,而错误操作的后果有时是很可怕的。这时,你可以先选择移动工具,在工具选项中勾选“自动选择图层”,这样,除了切片工具、路径组件选择工具、钢笔工具和抓手工具外,工具箱中的其它工具为当前所选时,按住Ctrl键的同时,当前工具都会暂时变成移动工具,点击画布上的任意对象,Photoshop都会自动转到其所在图层,这样就可以进行操作了。在当前为移动工具时,即使不选择自动选择图层,只要按住Ctrl键,同样可以自由的选择分属不同层的图像内容。

5.创建自定义笔刷:

在Photoshop中有一项很有用但未被大多数人充分利用的资源,那就是创建自定义笔刷。新建一个文档,大小为要制作的笔刷大小,用黑色(也可以是彩色或不同的灰度,但这样制出的画笔颜色会较淡)绘制你的画笔图像,如一朵小花,几颗小树等等。然后用矩形选框选择,定义为新的画笔。如果没有选择,那么Photoshop会把画布上全部图像定义为画笔。这样,你就可以用这些自定义的画笔创作各种独特的图像了,特别是一些边框等装饰性的图案。

6.镜头光晕效果:

在初级的图像处理中,镜头光晕可说是最常用的修饰效果之一。一般情况下,你可以直接在图像中使用滤镜>渲染>镜头光晕,来为图像增加气氛。那么,如果你对某一次的镜头光晕效果非常满意,希望把它保存下来,我们可以利用图层混合的特性。事先在图像上新建一层,用黑色填充,再执行镜头光晕滤镜,然后将这一层的图层混合模式设为“屏幕”,这样,黑色被隐去,你会得到单独的光晕效果图层。不过,这个方法唯一的缺点是,不能在白色的图像上显示。

7.光照效果滤镜:

这个滤镜给人最大的惊喜在于它可以创作出各种各样逼真的纹理效果。最简单的用法是:将一个简单的纹理放置一个通道中,然后对某一层应用滤镜>渲染>光照效果,在纹理通道中选择刚才存储纹理的通道,调整各种相应的光照设置,这样就能得到具有立体感的纹理效果。

8.使用调整图层:

谁也没有把握能够一次就将图像调整的十分完美,所以,除了养成良好的备份习惯之外,最好是能使用调整图层的时侯尽量使用调整图层。你可能会觉得麻烦,但这点麻烦和图像损坏的损失比较起来就微乎其微了。而且更重要的是,你可以在创作过程中随时做出新的调整而不必担心图像的损坏。

9.快速复制技巧:

在同一个文档中,确定当前为移动工具(或暂时为移动工具),按下Alt键的同时,拖移对象,即可复制,按住Shift键,可保证按45度角的倍数移动;在不同的文档间,移动时按住Shift键,如果两个文档的大小相同,则对象复制到新文档的相同的位置,如果文档大小不同,那么对象被复制到新文档的正中。用这种方法复制,不但方便,也可以减少剪贴板的使用,进一步节省系统资源。

10.成果的积累:

当你使用Photoshop一段时间以后,一定会存下来不少好东东。如你千辛万苦调制的渐变、等高线、样式等,还包括一些方便工作的色板等。这些只是暂时保存在Photoshop中的,一旦重装,Photoshop将会恢复到默认状态,变得清洁溜溜,这些自定义的东西会消失的无影无踪。这不但可惜,还会影响到你的工作(如定义好的色板丢失)。所以,最好每有得意之作的时侯就用预设管理器保存下来,存放在专门的文件夹中。预设管理器可以保存画笔、色板、渐变、样式、图案、等高线、自定义形状,这样你的工作成果一样也不会丢失。重装之后,用相应的文件覆盖就可回到熟悉的工作环境中了。





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