Detailed explanation of the differences and usage between PHP echo, print, printf, sprintf functions_PHP Tutorial

1. echo function:

The output function is a command and cannot return a value. Echo can be followed by many parameters, separated by semicolons, such as:
echo $myvar1;
echo 1,2,$myvar,"bold";

2. print function:

is a function that can return a value and can only have one parameter.

int print (string arg)

Outputs arg . Returns 1 , always.

3. printf function:

int printf ( string format [, mixed args [, mixed ...]] )

Produces output according to format , which is described in the documentation for sprintf() .

Returns the length of the outputted string.

Format the text and output it, such as:
$name="hunte";
$age=25;
printf("my name is %s, age %d", $name, $age);

4. sprintf function:
string sprintf ( string format [, mixed args [, mixed ...]] )

Returns a string produced according to the formatting string format .

is similar to printf, but does not print, but returns formatted text. The rest is the same as printf.

5. Explain the printf() function in detail:

The calling format of the printf() function is:
printf("", );

%d Decimal signed integer
%u Decimal unsigned integer
%f Floating point number
%s String
%c Single character
%p Pointer value
%e Floating point number in exponential form
%x, %X Unsigned integer expressed in hexadecimal
%o Unsigned integer expressed in octal
%g Automatically select the appropriate representation Law

Description:

(1). You can insert numbers between "%" and letters to indicate the maximum field width.

①For example: %3d means outputting a 3-digit integer, which is not enough to be right-aligned.

②%9.2f means that the output field width is a floating point number of 9, in which the decimal place is 2, the integer place is 6, the decimal point occupies one place, and it is not enough for 9 digits to be right-aligned.

③%8s means outputting a string of 8 characters, which is not enough to right-align.

④If the length of the string or the number of integer digits exceeds the specified field width, it will be output according to its actual length.

⑤Floating point number, if the number of digits in the integer part exceeds the specified integer bit width, it will be output as the actual integer digits;

⑥ If the number of decimal places exceeds the specified decimal place width, the output will be rounded according to the specified width.

⑦ If you want to add some 0 before the output value, you should add 0 before the field width item.

For example: %04d means that when outputting a value less than 4 digits, 0 will be added in front to make the total width 4 digits.

⑧If floating point numbers are used to represent the output format of characters or integers, the number after the decimal point represents the maximum width, and the number before the decimal point represents the minimum width.

For example: %6.9s means displaying a string with a length of not less than 6 and not greater than 9. If it is greater than 9, the content after the 9th character will be deleted.

(2). You can add a lowercase letter l between "%" and the letter to indicate that the output is a long number.

①For example: %ld means output long integer

②%lf means outputting double floating point number

(3). You can control whether the output is left-aligned or right-aligned, that is, adding a "-" sign between "%" and the letter indicates that the output is left-aligned, otherwise it is right-aligned.

　①For example: %-7d means outputting a 7-bit integer left-aligned

　②%-10s means output 10 characters left aligned

(4). Some special characters

①/n Line feed
②/f Clear screen and change page
③/r Enter
④/t Tab character
⑤/xhh means an ASCII code is expressed in hexadecimal,
　⑥where hh is 1 to 2 hexadecimal numbers

6. printf() : examples

Example 1: various examples