Home Backend Development PHP Tutorial PHP CGI FastCGI php-fpm 解惑

PHP CGI FastCGI php-fpm 解惑

Jun 20, 2016 pm 12:32 PM

web服务器接受到浏览器的请求时,如果是静态资源就直接将其返回给浏览器;如果是动态资源,就需要CGI ,cgi可以理解为一种协议or一类处理程序,可以执行 php or python 脚本。

web服务器exec这样一个进程,然后交给他一些输入参数,他就慢慢的处理完后把结果返回给web服务器,那从协议层面来说cgi协议就是规范了web服务器和cgi程序的一些输入输出参数的含义。

CGI(Common Gateway Interface)是1993年由美国国家超级电脑应用中心(NCSA)为 NCSA HTTPd Web 服务器开发的。这个 Web 服务器使用了 UNIX shell 环境变量 来保存从 Web 服务器传递出去的参数,然后生成一个运行 CGI 的独立进程。CGI的第一个实现是 Perl 写的,但是 CGI 有如下问题:

  • 效率低下:每一个连接 fork 一个进程处理。
  • 功能十分有限:CGI只能收到一个请求,输出一个响应。

所以就有了Apache的mod_php,FastCGI(Fast Common Gateway Interface)

FastCGI使用进程/线程池来处理一连串的请求。这些进程/线程由FastCGI服务器管理,而不是Web服务器。 当进来一个请求时,Web服务器把环境变量和这个页面请求通过一个Socket长连接传递给FastCGI进程。所以FastCGI有如下的优点:

  • 性能:通过进程/线程池规避了CGI开辟新的进程的开销。
  • 兼容:非常容易改造现有CGI标准的程序。
  • 语言无关:FastCGI是一套标准,理论上讲只要能进行标准输出(stdout)的语言都可以作为FastCGI标准的Web后端。

  • Web Server隔离:FastCGI后端和Web Server运行在不同的进程中,后端的任何故障不会导致Web Server挂掉。
  • 专利:没有Apache mod_php之类的私有API的知识产权问题。
  • 扩展:FastCGI后端和Web Server通过Socket进行通信,两者可以分布式部署并方便进行横向扩展。
  • 5.phpfpm是php对fastcgi的一种具体实现,它的启动后会创建多个cgi子进程,然后主进程负责管理子进程,同时它对外提供一个socket,那web服务器当要转发一个动态请求时只需要按照fastcgi协议要求的格式将数据发往这个socket的就可以了,那phpfpm创建的子进程去争抢这个socket连接,谁抢到了谁处理并将结果返回给web服务器,那phpfpm主进程干什么了?比方说其中一个子进程异常退出了怎么办,那phpfpm会去监控他一旦发现一个cgi子进程就会又启动一个,还有其他诸多管理功能

    6 phpfpm作为一个独立的进程存在 通过socket与nginx建立连接,而mod_php 是作为一个模块被加载进了apache服务器,同时他们两作为cgi调度管理器,他们对其管理的方式也不一样


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