一些影响数据库访问速度的原因分析
数据库性能优化主要是提高数据访问的速度,即提高数据库响应速度的性能指标。性能优化主要分为主观因素和客观因素两部分的优化。这里主要针对影响性能的客观因素进行优化。 没有索引或者没有用到索引。数据库索引就像书籍中目录一样,使用户在访问数据库数据
数据库性能优化主要是提高数据访问的速度,即提高数据库响应速度的性能指标。性能优化主要分为主观因素和客观因素两部分的优化。这里主要针对影响性能的客观因素进行优化。
- 没有索引或者没有用到索引。数据库索引就像书籍中目录一样,使用户在访问数据库数据时,不必遍历所有数据就可以找到需要的数据。创建索引后,可以保证每行数据的唯一性,极大地提高数据检索效率,这是一中牺牲空间换取性能的方法。没有索引或者没有用到索引是数据访问速度慢最常见的因素,也是程序设计的一个缺陷所在。
- I/O吞吐量小,形成了瓶颈效应。I/O吞吐量是影响数据访问速度的客观因素(硬件因素)。在一定的硬件环境下,利用优化的部署方案可适当提高I/O吞吐量。
- 没有创建计算列导致查询不优化。计算列是一个比较特殊的列,不填写任何设计类型,用户不可以改变该列的值。计算列的值是通过一定的函数公式等以另一个或多个列的值为输入值计算出的结果。如果没相应的计算列,在一些数据查询的时候需要对已有数据进行计算,从而浪费一部分性能。
- 内存不足。对数据库数据的查询访问毫无疑问会占用大量的内存空间,当内存不足的情况下,数据的访问速度会受到明显的影响甚至访问出现超时情况,是影响数据访问速度的客观因素。
- 网络速度慢。网络速度慢是影响数据访问速度的客观因素。可通过提高网络访问的位宽来解决。
- 查询出的数据量过大。当查询出的数据量过大时,内存的占用、系统时间的占用等都影响数据访问的速度。可以采用多次查询、定位查询、和查询数据量控制来解决。
- 锁或者死锁。锁或者死锁在数据库数据访问时会造成访问者等待时间过程或者永久无法获取到资源。这是查询慢最常见的因素之一,是程序设计的缺陷,要尽量避免。
- 返回不必要的行和列。在一般的数据查询中,都尽可能多的获取数据信息,这样造成了不必要的数据遍历,大大的增加了数据访问的响应的时间。所以在一般的查询中,尽量查询少的行和列,将数据遍历时间降到最低以满足数据输出需求。
- 查询语句不够优化。在数据查询访问过程中,使用最频繁的是使用自定义的查询语句进行数据输出的。所以编写优化的查询语句能够很大程度上提高数据查询访问的速度。

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