Operation and Maintenance
Linux Operation and Maintenance
Detailed explanation of load balancing Nginx
Detailed explanation of load balancing Nginx
目录
简介
常用命令
功能
HTTP集群
TCP集群
代理
反向代理
集群
重定向
静态文件
HTTPS配置
常见问题
简介
Nginx ("engine x") 是一款轻量级，高性能的HTTP和反向代理服务器，也是一个IMAP/POP3/SMTP服务器。
传输层的负载均衡有LVS(Linux) 和 NLB(Windows)
常用命令
nginx -v// nginx 版本start nginx// 启动nginx，不阻塞命令窗口nginx -s stop|nginx -s quit// 快速停止 | 有序退出nginx -s reload// 加载配置重新启动
功能
代理
server { listen 8080; # 监听8080端口 resolver 114.114.114.114; # dns解析地址 location / { proxy_pass $scheme://$host$request_uri; # 代理到哪个地址 proxy_set_header Host $http_host; #allow 127.0.0.1; # 允许127.0.0.1地址访问 #deny all; # 禁止所有地址访问(allow位置在上面，所以127.0.0.1仍能访问) }}反向代理
server { listen 8081; # 监听8080端口 server_name localhost; # 虚拟hostName location / { proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8081; # 反向代理到的服务器 }}集群
HTTP集群
upstream clusterName { # 通过weight设置每台服务器分配请求站的权重，值越高分配的越多。 server 127.0.0.1:9000 weight=4; server 127.0.0.1:8082 weight=1; # ip_hash会计算ip对应hash值，然后分配到固定服务器 ip_hash; }location / { proxy_pass http://clusterName; # 反向代理到群集服务器 # 设置主机头和客户端真实地址，以便服务器获取客户端真实IP proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;}TCP集群
和http同级
stream {server { listen 1034; proxy_pass app;}upstream app { server 192.168.0.111:5672; server 192.168.0.112:5672;}}Copy after login
重定向
location / { rewrite ^/(.*)$ $1 permanent;}flag
last – 基本上都用这个Flag。
break – 中止Rewirte，不在继续匹配
redirect – 返回临时重定向的HTTP状态302
permanent – 返回永久重定向的HTTP状态301
静态文件
location /^(.*) { root html; # 根目录为html文件夹 index $1 index.html index.htm; # $1表示正则匹配第一项}绑定证书
# HTTPS server
#
server {
listen 443 ssl;
server_name localhost;
ssl_certificate /nginx/server.cer; # 公钥(一般为公钥证书 + 中级证书)
ssl_certificate_key /nginx/server.key; # 私钥
ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
ssl_session_timeout 5m;
ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2;
ssl_ciphers ALL:!ADH:!EXPORT56:RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP;
ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
}常见问题
与IIS(80端口)冲突
停用IIS 80端口的网站
找到HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE/SYSTEM/CurrentControlSet/Services/HTTP下的Start修改其值为0，重启电脑即可
被System占用
被IIS占用
nginx群集
如果nginx服务器挂了，那我们的站点就直接挂了，可以通过keepalived组件来搭建多台nginx服务提供服务。
error.log 错误日志:signal process started
并非错误，只要执行-s reload就会发出
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