CSS advanced layout techniques
Use :empty to distinguish empty elements
Compatibility: IE8 is not supported
If we have the above list:
<div class="item">a</div> <div class="item">b</div> <div class="item"></div>
We hope to be able to compare empty elements and If non-empty elements are treated differently, there are two options.
Use :empty to select empty elements:
.item:empty {
display: none;
}Or use :not(:empty) to select non-empty elements:
.item:not(:empty) {
border: 1px solid #ccc;
/* ... */
}Use :*-Of-Type to select elements
Compatibility: IE8 is not supported
Example.
Bold the first p paragraph:
p:first-of-type {
font-weight: bold;
}Add a border to the last img:
img:last-of-type {
border: 10px solid #ccc;
}Add style to the unconnected blockquote:
blockquote:only-of-type {
border-left: 5px solid #ccc;
padding-left: 2em;
}Let the p paragraphs in odd-numbered columns be red first:
p:nth-of-type(even) {
color: red;
}In addition, :nth-of-type can also have other types of parameters:
/* Even number*/
: nth-of-type(even)
/* only the third one*/
:nth-of-type(3)
/* every third one*/
:nth-of-type(3n)
/* Add three to every fourth, i.e. 3, 7, 11, ... */
:nth-of-type(4n+3 )
Use calc for fluid layout
Compatibility: IE8 is not supported
Left, middle and right fluid layout:
nav {
position: fixed;
left: 0;
top: 0;
width: 5rem;
height: 100%;
}
aside {
position: fixed;
right: 0;
top: 0;
width: 20rem;
height: 100%;
}
main {
margin-left: 5rem;
width: calc(100% - 25rem);
}Use vw and vh to create full-screen scrolling effect
Compatibility: IE8 is not supported
vw and vh are relative to the viewport, so they will not change with the content and layout Change with change.
section {
width: 100vw;
height: 100vh;
display: flex;
align-items: center;
justify-content: center;
text-align: center;
background-size: cover;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
}
section:nth-of-type(1) {
background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1068');
}
section:nth-of-type(2) {
background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1073');
}
section:nth-of-type(3) {
background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1047');
}
section:nth-of-type(4) {
background-image: url('https://unsplash.it/1024/683?image=1032');
}
body {
margin: 0;
}
p {
color: #fff;
font-size: 100px;
font-family: monospace;
}Use unset to do CSS Reset
Compatibility: IE is not supported
body {
color: red;
}
button {
color: white;
border: 1px solid #ccc;
}
/* 取消 section 中 button 的 color 设置 */
section button {
color: unset;
}Use column to do responsive column layout
Compatibility : Does not support IE9
nav {
column-count: 4;
column-width: 150px;
column-gap: 3rem;
column-rule: 1px dashed #ccc;
column-fill: auto;
}
h2 {
column-span: all;
}For more articles related to CSS advanced layout techniques, please pay attention to the PHP Chinese website!
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