Python threading多线程编程实例
Python 的多线程有两种实现方法：
函数，线程类
1.函数
调用 thread 模块中的 start_new_thread() 函数来创建线程，以线程函数的形式告诉线程该做什么
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import thread
def f(name):
#定义线程函数
print "this is " + name
if __name__ == '__main__':
thread.start_new_thread(f, ("thread1",))
#用start_new_thread()调用线程函数和其他参数
while 1:
pass
不过这种方法暂时没能找到其他辅助方法，连主线程等待都要用 while 1 这种方法解决。
2.线程类
调用 threading 模块，创建 threading.Thread 的子类来得到自定义线程类。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import threading
class Th(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, name):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.t_name = name
#调用父类构造函数
def run(self):
#重写run()函数，线程默认从此函数开始执行
print "This is " + self.t_name
if __name__ == '__main__':
thread1 = Th("Thread_1")
thread1.start()
#start()函数启动线程，自动执行run()函数
threading.Thread 类的可继承函数：
getName() 获得线程对象名称
setName() 设置线程对象名称
join() 等待调用的线程结束后再运行之后的命令
setDaemon(bool) 阻塞模式， True： 父线程不等待子线程结束， False 等待，默认为 False
isDaemon() 判断子线程是否和父线程一起结束，即 setDaemon() 设置的值
isAlive() 判断线程是否在运行
实例
import threading
import time
class Th(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, thread_name):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.setName(thread_name)
def run(self):
print "This is thread " + self.getName()
for i in range(5):
time.sleep(1)
print str(i)
print self.getName() + "is over"
join() 阻塞等待
if __name__ == '__main__':
thread1 = Th("T1 ")
thread1.start()
#thread1.join()
print "main thread is over"
不带 thread1.join() ，得到如下结果：
This is thread T1
main thread is over
0
1
2
T1 is over
不等待 thread1 完成，执行之后语句。
加了 thread1.join() ，得到如下结果：
This is thread T1
0
1
2
T1 is over
main thread is over
阻塞等待 thread1 结束，才执行下面语句
主线程等待
if __name__ == '__main__':
thread1 = Th("T1 ")
thread1.setDaemon(True)
#要在线程执行之前就设置这个量
thread1.start()
print "main thread is over"
报错： Exception in thread T1 (most likely raised during interpreter shutdown):
也就是主线程不等待子线程就结束了。
多个子线程
if __name__ == '__main__':
for i in range(3):
t = Th(str(i))
t.start()
print "main thread is over"
这里的 t 可同时处理多个线程，即 t 为线程句柄，重新赋值不影响线程。
这里奇怪的是，运行 t.run() 时，不会再执行其他线程。虽不明，还是用 start() 吧。暂且理解为 start() 是非阻塞并行的，而 run 是阻塞的。
线程锁
threading 提供线程锁，可以实现线程同步。
import threading
import time
class Th(threading.Thread):
def __init__(self, thread_name):
threading.Thread.__init__(self)
self.setName(thread_name)
def run(self):
threadLock.acquire()
#获得锁之后再运行
print "This is thread " + self.getName()
for i in range(3):
time.sleep(1)
print str(i)
print self.getName() + " is over"
threadLock.release()
#释放锁
if __name__ == '__main__':
threadLock = threading.Lock()
#设置全局锁
thread1 = Th('Thread_1')
thread2 = Th('Thread_2')
thread1.start()
thread2.start()
得到结果：
This is thread Thread_1
0
1
2
Thread_1 is over
This is thread Thread_2
0
1
2
Thread_2 is over
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