PHP中trait的特征及作用
本篇文章主要介绍了PHP中trait使用方法，小编觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧
说通俗点，PHP中使用trait关键字是为了解决一个类既想集成基类的属性和方法，又想拥有别的基类的方法，而trait一般情况下是和use搭配使用的。
<?php
trait Drive {
public $carName = 'trait';
public function driving() {
echo "driving {$this->carName}\n";
}
}
class Person {
public function eat() {
echo "eat\n";
}
}
class Student extends Person {
use Drive;
public function study() {
echo "study\n";
}
}
$student = new Student();
$student->study();
$student->eat();
$student->driving();
?>输出结果如下：
study eat driving trait
上面的例子中，Student类通过继承Person，有了eat方法，通过组合Drive，有了driving方法和属性carName。
如果Trait、基类和本类中都存在某个同名的属性或者方法，最终会保留哪一个呢？
<?php
trait Drive {
public function hello() {
echo "hello drive\n";
}
public function driving() {
echo "driving from drive\n";
}
}
class Person {
public function hello() {
echo "hello person\n";
}
public function driving() {
echo "driving from person\n";
}
}
class Student extends Person {
use Drive;
public function hello() {
echo "hello student\n";
}
}
$student = new Student();
$student->hello();
$student->driving();
?>输出结果如下：
hello student driving from drive
因此得出结论：当方法或属性同名时，当前类中的方法会覆盖 trait的 方法，而 trait 的方法又覆盖了基类中的方法。
如果要组合多个Trait，通过逗号分隔 Trait名称：
use Trait1, Trait2;
如果多个Trait中包含同名方法或者属性时，会怎样呢？答案是当组合的多个Trait包含同名属性或者方法时，需要明确声明解决冲突，否则会产生一个致命错误。
<?php
trait Trait1 {
public function hello() {
echo "Trait1::hello\n";
}
public function hi() {
echo "Trait1::hi\n";
}
}
trait Trait2 {
public function hello() {
echo "Trait2::hello\n";
}
public function hi() {
echo "Trait2::hi\n";
}
}
class Class1 {
use Trait1, Trait2;
}
?>输出结果如下：
代码如下:
PHP Fatal error: Trait method hello has not been applied, because there are collisions with other trait methods on Class1 in ~/php54/trait_3.php on line 20
使用insteadof和as操作符来解决冲突，insteadof是使用某个方法替代另一个，而as是给方法取一个别名，具体用法请看代码：
<?php
trait Trait1 {
public function hello() {
echo "Trait1::hello\n";
}
public function hi() {
echo "Trait1::hi\n";
}
}
trait Trait2 {
public function hello() {
echo "Trait2::hello\n";
}
public function hi() {
echo "Trait2::hi\n";
}
}
class Class1 {
use Trait1, Trait2 {
Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1;
Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2;
}
}
class Class2 {
use Trait1, Trait2 {
Trait2::hello insteadof Trait1;
Trait1::hi insteadof Trait2;
Trait2::hi as hei;
Trait1::hello as hehe;
}
}
$Obj1 = new Class1();
$Obj1->hello();
$Obj1->hi();
echo "\n";
$Obj2 = new Class2();
$Obj2->hello();
$Obj2->hi();
$Obj2->hei();
$Obj2->hehe();
?>输出结果如下：
Trait2::hello Trait1::hi Trait2::hello Trait1::hi Trait2::hi Trait1::hello
as关键词还有另外一个用途，那就是修改方法的访问控制：
Trait 也能组合Trait，Trait中支持抽象方法、静态属性及静态方法，测试代码如下：
<?php
trait Hello {
public function sayHello() {
echo "Hello\n";
}
}
trait World {
use Hello;
public function sayWorld() {
echo "World\n";
}
abstract public function getWorld();
public function inc() {
static $c = 0;
$c = $c + 1;
echo "$c\n";
}
public static function doSomething() {
echo "Doing something\n";
}
}
class HelloWorld {
use World;
public function getWorld() {
return 'get World';
}
}
$Obj = new HelloWorld();
$Obj->sayHello();
$Obj->sayWorld();
echo $Obj->getWorld() . "\n";
HelloWorld::doSomething();
$Obj->inc();
$Obj->inc();
?>输出结果如下：
Hello World get World Doing something 1 2
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。
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