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Detailed introduction to basic learning of Linux shell scripts (5)
Detailed introduction to basic learning of Linux shell scripts (5)
Linux shell脚本基础已经被分成好几个部分了，这里对控制流程的内容也就马上讲完了，这是最后一部分关于here document，这里举例稍微有点复杂，我们慢慢来分析这个复杂Linux shell脚本。
6. Here documents
当要将几行文字传递给一个命令时，here documents（译者注：目前还没有见到过对该词适合的翻译）一种不错的方法。对每个脚本写一段帮助性的文字是很有用的，此时如果我们四有那个 here documents就不必用echo函数一行行输出。 一个 "Here document" 以 << 开头，后面接上一个字符串，这个字符串还必须出现在here document的末尾。下面是一个例子，在该例子中，我们对多个文件进行重命名，并且使用here documents打印帮助：
#!/bin/sh
# we have less than 3 arguments. Print the help text:
if [ $# -lt 3 ] ; then
cat <
ren -- renames a number of files using sed regular expressions
USAGE: ren 'regexp' 'replacement' files...
EXAMPLE: rename all *.HTM files in *.html:
ren 'HTM$' 'html' *.HTM
HELP
exit 0
fi
OLD="$1"
NEW="$2"
# The shift command removes one argument from the list of
# command line arguments.
shift
shift
# $* contains now all the files:
for file in $*; do
if [ -f "$file" ] ; then
newfile=`echo "$file" | sed "s/${OLD}/${NEW}/g"`
if [ -f "$newfile" ]; then
echo "ERROR: $newfile exists already"
else
echo "renaming $file to $newfile ..."
mv "$file" "$newfile"
fi
fi
done这是一个复杂一些的例子。让我们详细讨论一下。第一个if表达式判断输入命令行参数是否小于3个 (特殊变量$# 表示包含参数的个数) 。如果输入参数小于3个，则将帮助文字传递给cat命令，然后由cat命令将其打印在屏幕上。打印帮助文字后程序退出。如果输入参数等于或大于3个，我们 就将第一个参数赋值给变量OLD，第二个参数赋值给变量NEW。下一步，我们使用shift命令将第一个和第二个参数从参数列表中删除，这样原来的第三个 参数就成为参数列表$*的第一个参数。然后我们开始循环，命令行参数列表被一个接一个地被赋值给变量$file。接着我们判断该文件是否存在，如果存在则 通过sed命令搜索和替换来产生新的文件名。然后将反短斜线内命令结果赋值给newfile。这样我们就达到了我们的目的：得到了旧文件名和新文件名。然 后使用mv命令进行重命名。这样就明了这个复杂的Linux shell脚本了吧。
以上就是详细介绍Linux shell脚本基础学习（五）的内容，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网（www.php.cn）！
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