PHP学习之字符串比较和查找
1. 字符串比较
在PHP中，可以用==（双等号）或者 ===（三等号）来比较字符串。两者的区别是双等号不比较类型，三等号会比较类型，它不转换类型；用双等号进行比较时，如果等号左右两边有数字类型的值，刚会把另一个值转化为数字，然后进行比较。这样的话，如果是纯字符串或者NULL时，会转化为0进行比较。同样，大小于号也和等号一样，比较时可能出现不正确的结果。
所以，比较字符串可以用PHP的自带函数strcmp和strcasecmp。其中strcasecmp是strcmp的变种，它会先把字符串转化为小写再进行比较。 如下代码：
复制代码 代码如下:
var_dump(0 == 'Test');
var_dump(0 == '');
var_dump(5 > 'T');
var_dump(strcmp(5, 'T'));
结果为（第1～3结果是不对的，只有第4个是对的）：
复制代码 代码如下:
bool(true)
bool(true)
bool(true)
int(-1)
2. 字符串处理
１. 子串
$sub = substr(string, start[, length]);
２. 子串替换
$newstring = substr_replace(string, new, start[, length]);
用这个函数可以实现字符串的插入，删除操作。这个函数的start和length可以为负数。分别表示从后开始计算以及保留最后几位不替换。 ３. 字符串反序
$newstring = strrev(string);
４. 重复字符串
$newstring = str_repeat(string, count);
返回一个重复count次string的新字符串。
５. 填充字符串
$newstring = str_pad(to_pad, length[, with[, type]]);
其中type有：STR_PAD_RIGHT（默认）、STR_PAD_LEFT和STR_PAD_BOTH三种；with默认为空格。函数表示把to_pad字符串用with填充为一个长度为length的字符串。 如下代码：
复制代码 代码如下:
// 子串
var_dump(substr('1234567890', 8)); // 90
var_dump(substr('1234567890', 0, 2)); // 12
// 反方向子串
var_dump(substr('1234567890', -8)); // 34567890
var_dump(substr('1234567890', -8, -2)); // 345678
var_dump(substr('1234567890', -8, 2)); // 34
// 插入
var_dump(substr_replace('1234567890', 'a', 0, 0)); // a1234567890
// 删除
var_dump(substr_replace('1234567890', '', 8)); // 12345678
// 反方向删除
var_dump(substr_replace('1234567890', '', -2, -1)); // 123456780
// 替换
var_dump(substr_replace('1234567890', 'a', 0, 1)); // a234567890
// 反方向替换
var_dump(substr_replace('1234567890', 'a', -2, -1)); // 12345678a0
// 字符串反转
var_dump(strrev('1234567890')); // 0987654321
// 重复字符串
var_dump(str_repeat('12', 3)); // 121212
// 填充字符串
var_dump(str_pad('a', 10, '12')); // a121212121
var_dump(str_pad('a', 10, '12', STR_PAD_LEFT)); // 121212121a
var_dump(str_pad('a', 10, '12', STR_PAD_BOTH)); // 1212a12121
3. 分解字符串
在PHP中，字符串的分解用explode，合并用implode（join是implode的别名），标记用strtok。还有另一个函数slipt也可以分解（正则分解），但5.3以后版本已经不推介了。 另外PHP中还有一个sscanf()函数，用于读取字符串。
strtok标记时，用strtok($str, $token)来初始化，用strtok($token)来继续取值。
代码如下：
复制代码 代码如下:
$str = '1,2,3';
$arr1 = explode(',', $str); // array('1', '2', '3')
$arr2 = explode(',', $str, 2); // array('1', '2,3')
$str1 = implode(',', $arr1); // '1,2,3'
$str2 = strtok($str, ','); // 1
$str3 = strtok(','); // 2
$str4 = strtok(','); // 3
// array(86, 10, 88888888, 'Beijin')
$arr3 = sscanf('+86(10)88888888 Beijin', '+%d(%d)%d %s');
4.字符串查找
在PHP中，字符串的查找有三个系列。返回位置的、返回字符串的、掩码个数匹配。其中，返回位置的的函数一共有两个，strpos()和 strrpos()；返回字符串的也有两个strstr()和strchr()；返回掩码匹配数的函数有strspn()和strcspn()。
strpos表示从左边开始计数，返回要查找的字符串第一次出现的位置；strrpos表示从右边计数，返回要查找的字符串第一次出现的位置。
strstr表示从左边计数，返回要查找字符串第一次到结尾的子串（包括查找字符串），当查找的是字符时，可以用ascii码数字来表示字符；stristr表示不区分大小查找；strchr是strstr的别名；strrchr返回字符最后出现到结尾的子串。
strspn表示从左边计数，第一次出现非掩码之前的子串的字符数；strcspn表示从左边计数，第一次出现掩码之前的子串的字符数。
示例代码：
复制代码 代码如下:
$pos = strpos('This a hello world program', ' '); // 4
$pos = strpos('This a hello world program', 32); // 4
$pos = strrpos('This a hello world program', ' '); // 18
$pos = strrpos('This a hello world program', 32); // 18
$str = strstr('This a hello world program', ' '); // " a hello world program"
$str = strstr('This a hello world program', 32); // " a hello world program"
$str = stristr('This a hello world program', ' A'); // "a hello world program"
$str = stristr('This a hello world program', 65); // "a hello world program"
$str = strrchr('This a hello world program', ' '); // " program"
$str = strrchr('This a hello world program', 32); // " program"
$str1 = "12345 12345 12345";
$len = strspn($str1, '12345'); // 5
$len = strcspn($str1, ' '); // 5
参考资料： PHP程序设计，2003，第四章 字符串，字符串比较；字符串查找和处理
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