php实现CSV文件导入和导出，
php实现CSV文件导入和导出，
项目开发中，很多时候要将外部CSV文件导入到数据库中或者将数据导出为CSV文件，那么具体该如何实现呢？本文将使用PHP并结合mysql，实现了CSV格式数据的导入和导出功能。
我们先准备mysql数据表，假设项目中有一张记录学生信息的表student，并有id，name，sex，age分别记录学生的姓名、性别、年龄等信息。
CREATE TABLE `student` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL auto_increment, `name` varchar(50) NOT NULL, `sex` varchar(10) NOT NULL, `age` smallint(3) NOT NULL default '0', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
我们还需要一个html交互页面，放置导入表单和导出按钮。
<form id="addform" action="do.php?action=import" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <p>请选择要导入的CSV文件：<br/><input type="file" name="file"> <input type="submit" class="btn" value="导入CSV"> <input type="button" class="btn" value="导出CSV" onclick="window.location.href='do.php? action=export'"></p> </form>
选择好本地csv文件后，点击导入，提交到do.php?action=import处理，而点击导出按钮则请求地址do.php?action=export进行数据导出处理。
1.导入CSV
do.php需要根据get过来的参数，分别处理导入和导出过程，php结构如下：
include_once ("connect.php"); //连接数据库
$action = $_GET['action'];
if ($action == 'import') //导入CSV
{
//导入处理
}elseif($action=='export') //导出CSV
{
//导出处理
}
导入CSV处理流程：校验csv文件合法性（本文忽略）->打开读入并解析csv文件中的字段->循环获取各字段值->批量添加到数据表中->完成。
if ($action == 'import') { //导入CSV
$filename = $_FILES['file']['tmp_name'];
if(emptyempty ($filename))
{
echo '请选择要导入的CSV文件！';
exit;
}
$handle = fopen($filename, 'r');
$result = input_csv($handle); //解析csv
$len_result = count($result);
if($len_result==0)
{
echo '没有任何数据！';
exit;
}
for($i = 1; $i < $len_result; $i++) //循环获取各字段值
{
$name = iconv('gb2312', 'utf-8', $result[$i][0]); //中文转码
$sex = iconv('gb2312', 'utf-8', $result[$i][1]);
$age = $result[$i][2];
$data_values .= "('$name','$sex','$age'),";
}
$data_values = substr($data_values,0,-1); //去掉最后一个逗号
fclose($handle); //关闭指针
$query = mysql_query("insert into student (name,sex,age) values $data_values"); //批量插入数据表中
if($query)
{
echo '导入成功！';
}else{
echo '导入失败！';
}
} 注意php自带的fgetcsv函数可以轻松处理csv，使用该函数可以从文件指针中读入一行并解析CSV字段。下面的函数将csv文件字段解析并以数组的形式返回。
function input_csv($handle)
{
$out = array ();
$n = 0;
while ($data = fgetcsv($handle, 10000))
{
$num = count($data);
for ($i = 0; $i < $num; $i++)
{
$out[$n][$i] = $data[$i];
}
$n++;
}
return $out;
}
此外在导入到数据库中时，我们采用的是批量插入而不是一条条插入的，因此在构建SQL语句时，要稍作处理，见代码。
2.导出CSV
我们知道csv文件是由逗号分割符组成的纯文本文件，你可以用excel打开，效果跟xls表个一样。
导出CSV处理流程：读取学生信息表->循环记录构建逗号分隔的字段信息->设置header信息->导出文件（下载）到本地
...
}elseif ($action=='export') //导出CSV
{
$result = mysql_query("select * from student order by id asc");
$str = "姓名,性别,年龄\n";
$str = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$str);
while($row=mysql_fetch_array($result))
{
$name = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$row['name']); //中文转码
$sex = iconv('utf-8','gb2312',$row['sex']);
$str .= $name.",".$sex.",".$row['age']."\n"; //用引文逗号分开
}
$filename = date('Ymd').'.csv'; //设置文件名
export_csv($filename,$str); //导出
}
要将数据导出到本地即下在，需要修改header信息，代码如下：
function export_csv($filename,$data)
{
header("Content-type:text/csv");
header("Content-Disposition:attachment;filename=".$filename);
header('Cache-Control:must-revalidate,post-check=0,pre-check=0');
header('Expires:0');
header('Pragma:public');
echo $data;
} 注意导入和导出的过程中，因为我们使用的是统一UTF-8编码，遇到中文字符一定要记得转码，否则可能会出现中文乱码的情况。
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望本文所述对大家的php程序设计有所帮助。
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