smarty模板技术，smarty模板
smarty模板技术，smarty模板
一、什么是smarty?
smarty是一个使用php写出来的模板php模板引擎，它提供了逻辑与外在内容的分离，简单的讲，目的就是要使用php程序员同美工分离,使用的程序员改变程序的逻辑内容不会影响到美工的页面设计，美工重新修改页面不会影响到程序的程序逻辑，这在多人合作的项目中显的尤为重要。
二、smarty优点：
1. 速度：采用smarty编写的程序可以获得最大速度的提高，这一点是相对于其它的模板引擎技术而言的。
2. 编译型：采用smarty编写的程序在运行时要编译成一个非模板技术的php文件，这个文件采用了php与html混合的方式，在下一次访问模板时将web请求直接转换到这个文件中，而不再进行模板重新编译（在源程序没有改动的情况下）
3. 缓存技术：smarty选用的一种缓存技术，它可以将用户最终看到的html文件缓存成一个静态的html页，当设定smarty的cache属性为true时，在smarty设定的cachetime期内将用户的web请求直接转换到这个静态的html文件中来，这相当于调用一个静态的html文件。
4. 插件技术：smarty可以自定义插件。插件实际就是一些自定义的函数。
5. 模板中可以使用if/elseif/else/endif。在模板文件使用判断语句可以非常方便的对模板进行格式重排。
三、不适合使用smarty的地方：
1. 需要实时更新的内容。例如像股票显示，它需要经常对数据进行更新，这类型的程序使用smarty会使模板处理速度变慢。
2. 小项目。小项目因为项目简单而美工与程序员兼于一人的项目，使用smarty会丧失php开发迅速的优点。
四、smarty安装及配置：
下载smarty的安装包解压后，把libs文件夹放在网站根目录下，然后创建几个文件夹
templates 存放模板文件
templates_c 存放编译后的文件
configs 存放配置文件
cache 存放缓存文件
再创建初始化文件smarty.init.php
<span><?<span>php
</span><span>include</span> "./libs/Smarty.class.php";<span>//</span><span>包含Smarty类库所在的文件</span>
<span>$smarty</span>=<span>new</span> Smarty();<span>//</span><span>创建一个Smarty类的对象$smarty</span>
<span>$smarty</span>->template_dir="./templates/";<span>//</span><span>设置所有模板文件存放目录</span>
<span>$smarty</span>->compile_dir="./templates_c/";<span>//</span><span>设置所有编译过的模板文件存放目录</span>
<span>$smarty</span>->config_dir="./configs/";<span>//</span><span>设置模板中特殊配置文件存放的目录</span>
<span>$smarty</span>->cache_dir="./cache/";<span>//</span><span>设置存放Smarty缓存文件的目录</span>
<span>$smarty</span>->caching=1;<span>//</span><span>设置开启Smarty缓存模板功能</span>
<span>$smarty</span>->cache_lifetime=60*60*24;<span>//</span><span>设置模板缓存有效时间为1天</span>
<span>$smarty</span>->left_delimiter='<{';<span>//</span><span>设置模板语言中的左结束符</span>
<span>$smarty</span>->right_delimiter='}>';<span>//</span><span>设置模板语言中的右结束符</span>
?></span>五、smarty引擎运行机制：
1、新建模板文件index.tpl及项目中所需的配置文件my.conf，配置文件也可后期补充
<span><span><</span><span>{config_load </span><span>file</span><span>="../configs/my.conf"</span><span>}</span><span>></span><span><!--</span><span> 加载配置文件 </span><span>--></span>
<span><</span><span>html</span><span>></span>
<span><</span><span>head</span><span>></span>
<span><</span><span>meta </span><span>charset</span><span>="utf-8"</span><span>></span>
<span><</span><span>title</span><span>><</span><span>{$title</span><span>}</span><span>></</span><span>title</span><span>></span>
<span></</span><span>head</span><span>></span>
<span><</span><span>body </span><span>bgcolor</span><span>="<{#bgColor#}>"</span><span>></span>
<span><</span><span>{$content</span><span>}</span><span>></span>
<span></</span><span>body</span><span>></span>
<span></</span><span>html</span><span>></span></span>2、新建程序入口文件index.php，引入控制器文件，传值并分配变量，并显示模板index.tpl
<span><?<span>php
</span><span>//</span><span>引入smarty.init.php</span>
<span>include</span> 'smarty.init.php'<span>;
</span><span>$smarty</span>->assign("title","我的第一个文件标题"<span>);
</span><span>$smarty</span>->assign("content","我的第一个文件内容"<span>);
</span><span>$smarty</span>->display("index.tpl"<span>);
</span>?></span>3、运行index.php，通过smarty控制器文件会生成一个php格式的编译文件，当缓存机制未开启时，浏览器会读取这个编译文件并最终显示出来。当开启缓存机制时，smarty控制器会生成一个静态HTML页面，即缓存文件com_index.tpl,这样浏览器读取性能更高。具体缓存过程详见smarty详细使用教程第9点
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