MySQL中临时表的基本创建与使用教程_MySQL
当工作在非常大的表上时，你可能偶尔需要运行很多查询获得一个大量数据的小的子集，不是对整个表运行这些查询，而是让MySQL每次找出所需的少数记录，将记录选择到一个临时表可能更快些，然后在这些表运行查询。
创建临时表很容易，给正常的CREATE TABLE语句加上TEMPORARY关键字：
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_table ( name VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, value INTEGER NOT NULL )
临时表将在你连接MySQL期间存在。当你断开时，MySQL将自动删除表并释放所用的空间。当然你可以在仍然连接的时候删除表并释放空间。
DROP TABLE tmp_table
如果在你创建名为tmp_table临时表时名为tmp_table的表在数据库中已经存在，临时表将有必要屏蔽（隐藏）非临时表tmp_table。
如果你声明临时表是一个HEAP表，MySQL也允许你指定在内存中创建它：
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_table ( name VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, value INTEGER NOT NULL ) TYPE = HEAP
因为HEAP表存储在内存中，你对它运行的查询可能比磁盘上的临时表快些。然而，HEAP表与一般的表有些不同，且有自身的限制。详见MySQL参考手册。
正如前面的建议，你应该测试临时表看看它们是否真的比对大量数据库运行查询快。如果数据很好地索引，临时表可能一点不快。
临时表再断开于mysql的连接后系统会自动删除临时表中的数据，但是这只限于用下面语句建立的表：
定义字段：
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_table ( name VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, value INTEGER NOT NULL )
直接将查询结果导入临时表
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_table SELECT * FROM table_name
另外mysql也允许你在内存中直接创建临时表，因为是在内存中所有速度会很快，语法如下：
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLE tmp_table ( name VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL, value INTEGER NOT NULL ) TYPE = HEAP
从上面的分析可以看出临时表的数据是会被清空的，你断开了连接就会被自动清空，但是你程序中不可能每发行一次sql就连接一次数据库吧(如果是这样的话，那就会出现你担心的问题，如果不是就没有问题)，因为只有断开数据库连接才会被清空数据，在一个数据库连接里面发行多次sql的话系统是不会自动清空临时表数据的。
只有在当前连接情况下， TEMPORARY 表才是可见的。当连接关闭时， TEMPORARY 表被自动取消。这意味着两个不同的连接可以使用相同的临时表名称，同时两个临时表不会互相冲突，也不与原有的同名的非临时表冲突。（原有的表被隐藏，直到临时表被取消时为止。）必须拥有 CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES 权限，才能创建临时表。可以通过指定 ENGINE|TYPE = MEMORY; 来指定创建内存临时表。
如果表已存在，则使用关键词 IF NOT EXISTS 可以防止发生错误。注意，原有表的结构与 CREATE TABLE 语句中表示的表的结构是否相同，这一点没有验证。注释：如果在 CREATE TABLE...SELECT 语句中使用 IF NOT EXISTS ，则不论表是否已存在，由 SELECT 部分选择的记录都会被插入。
DROP TEMPORARY TABLE 语句只取消 TEMPORARY 表，语句不会终止正在进行中的事务。在采用连接池的情况下，为防止多次 CREATE 、 DROP TEMPORARY TABLE 带来的性能瓶颈，可以使用 CREATE IF NOT EXISTS + TRUNCATE TABLE 的方式来提升性能。
临时表支持主键、索引指定。在连接非临时表查询可以利用指定主键或索引来提升性能。
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_test_tt(IN i_chars VARCHAR(50),OUT o_counts BIGINT)
BEGIN
create temporary table if not exists tmpTable – 不存在则创建临时表
(
objChk varchar(255) primary key,
ModelName varchar(50),
Operator varchar(500),
PModelName varchar(50)
);
truncate TABLE tmpTable; -- 使用前先清空临时表。
insert into tmpTable values(i_chars,i_chars,i_chars,i_chars);
insert into tmpTable values(i_chars,i_chars,i_chars,i_chars); -- 语句1
select * from tmpTable; -- 语句2
select count(*) into o_counts from tmpTable; -- 语句3
END;上述代码语句 1 返回临时表中所有数据，语句 2 将总记录数写入输出参数。 truncate 语句放在 create 之后，而不是整个存储过程最后，原因在于随后的语句 1 插入同样的值，二临时表 PK 校验将产生一个错误，则存储过程最终异常结束。综合异常处理，可以如下修改，以在每次存储过程调用完毕后清除临时表。
再来看一个例子：
CREATE PROCEDURE sp_test_tt(IN i_chars VARCHAR(50),OUT o_counts BIGINT)
BEGIN
create temporary table if not exists tmpTable
(
objChk varchar(255) primary key,
ModelName varchar(50),
Operator varchar(500),
PModelName varchar(50)
) ENGINE = MEMORY;
begin
declare exit handler for sqlwarning,NOT FOUND,SQLEXCEPTION set o_counts=-1;
insert into tmpTable values(i_chars,i_chars,i_chars,i_chars);
select * from tmpTable; -- 语句1
select count(*) into o_counts from tmpTable;
end;
truncate TABLE tmpTable; -- 语句2
END;虽然上述代码语句 2 最后 truncate table 清空了全部临时表数据，但前面语句 1 select 的数据结果集不会被清除。已通过 java 程序验证。
临时表可以解决二维数组输出的问题。但是，大批量的数据插入只能由程序采用循环来做。某些特殊情况下的输入数组，例如选择好的一组待删除数据的 ID 的输入，也只能利用循环来做。临时表也不适用于需要三维数组的情况。
以上就是MySQL中临时表的基本创建与使用教程_MySQL的内容，更多相关内容请关注PHP中文网（www.php.cn）！
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