Home Database Mysql Tutorial DB2面向OLTP环境的物理数据库设计:可靠性、可用性和可伸缩性

DB2面向OLTP环境的物理数据库设计:可靠性、可用性和可伸缩性

Jun 07, 2016 pm 05:54 PM
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为了跟上如今全球化程度不断增加且日益竞争激烈的市场,您的企业架构必须有足够的灵活性,能够随着未来战略性需求的变化而一起成长,并在计划内和计划外停机中确保业务连续性。 对于任务关键型的 24x7 企业,一个小时的停机时间可以转化为数百万美元的收入损

为了跟上如今全球化程度不断增加且日益竞争激烈的市场,您的企业架构必须有足够的灵活性,能够随着未来战略性需求的变化而一起成长,并在计划内和计划外停机中确保业务连续性。 对于任务关键型的 24x7 企业,一个小时的停机时间可以转化为数百万美元的收入损失,更不用说商业信誉的损害和潜在的客户流失。全球化企业都是跨时区运营的,提供全天候的业务服务。系统维护和升级的定期维护窗口已不复存在。分布式企业需要能够在每个地理位置提供相近的服务,并能够规避网络故障或传输时间。

可靠性、可用性和可伸缩性解决方案 通过实施以下解决方案,可以实现可靠性、可用性和可伸缩性 (RAS) 的部分或所有方面。根据各解决方案提供所有三个方面的能力,按最差到最好的顺序列出这些能力:

共享磁盘集群

它在集群中的节点故障上提供高可用性。该解决方案只提供高可用性,并没有提供可伸缩性、灾难恢复或防止磁盘损坏的保护。

磁盘镜像技术

有许多解决方案都提供了商用磁盘镜像技术,可以通过共享磁盘集群解决方案实现高可伸缩性或灾难恢复。 然而,这些解决方案在磁盘损坏的情况下并不能为您提供完全保护。如果源磁盘已损坏,损坏的数据也会传播到目标。此外,该解决方案不提供瞬时故障转移功能,而该功能是 24x7 业务的关键。

DB2 High Availability Disaster Recovery 特性

这是一种低成本、易于管理的复制解决方案。它为部分的和完整的站点故障都提供了高可用性和灾难恢复解决方案。它还提供瞬时故障转移。

DB2 pureScale® 特性

这是一个共享磁盘架构,使企业能够根据需要透明地动态扩展 OLTP 集群。它提供了无限的容量、可靠性和持续可用性。

分区环境

分区数据库环境是一个无共享架构,使数据库管理器能够跨多个数据库分区扩展到数百 TB 的数据和数百个 CPU,以形成单个大型数据库。 这些分区可以位于一台内、跨多个物理机或组合的环境。数据库数据分布在多个数据库分区,提供巨大的可伸缩性和跨这些分区的工作负载并行性。

典型 OLTP 工作负载运行时间较短,它们运行的事务仅访问表的一些随机行。分区数据库环境更适合于数据仓库和业务智能工作负载,由于每个事务上都会发生实例间的通信。

适合于您的业务的 RAS 解决方案

为您的业务确定合适的 RAS 解决方案,您必须先定义您的高可用性和灾难恢复目标。要帮助确定这些目标,则需要分析您当前的企业是否有到位的基础架构可以提供 RAS。 为了找出合适的解决方案,需要回答下列问题,以了解停机发生时的业务影响。

 对您的业务来说,必要和重要的 RAS 方面是什么?
 有什么已经到位的措施可以缓解业务中断的风险?
 业务基础架构何时由于计划内或计划外中断造成停机:

– 您的业务需求和客户服务水平协议是什么?
– 对您的业务和客户的影响是什么?收入、信誉、未来的销售、目前和潜在的客户损失?
– 如果发生灾难,可接受的恢复窗口是什么?
– 使现有的基础架构恢复在线,需要多长时间?

以下各节更深入讨论两个 DB2 解决方案,它们提供了 RAS 的所有三个方面。

DB2 High Availability Disaster Recovery 特性

DB2 High Availability Disaster Recovery (HADR) 特性是一个易于使用的数据复制特性,为部分和完整的站点故障提供高可用性和灾难恢复解决方案。 HADR 将数据变化从源数据库(称为主数据库)复制到目标数据库(称为备用数据库)。每一个数据库都使用自己的存储。备用数据库永远应用从主数据库收到的事务日志,从而与主数据库保持同步。在计划内或计划外停机,备用数据库可以瞬间故障转移到服务客户端。使用任何集群服务器软件都可以自动故障转移。

在结合使用自动客户端重路由 (ACR) 或使用虚拟 IP 配置的集群服务器时,故障转移对客户端是透明的。Tivoli System Automation for Multiplatforms (SA MP) 软件是 HADR 故障转移自动化的建议集群服务器,因为它是通过 DB2 高可用性 (HA) 接口紧密集成的。

下图显示了一个 HADR 环境示例:

图 6. HADR 环境

HADR 何时适合您的业务 当您的业务具有以下要求时,HADR 适合您的业务:

 一个低成本且简单的解决方案,易于设置和管理高可用性及灾难恢复。
 复制整个数据库。
 对计划内和计划外中断的瞬时故障转移。
 将只读工作负载卸载到备用数据库上,以便解放主数据库用于关键业务的读或写工作负载。
 在商品硬件上面向所有平台的高可用性和灾难恢复解决方案。
 不要求动态横向扩展。

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