©
本文档使用
php中文网手册 发布
注意:
React.PropTypes自从React v15.5以来,它已经进入了一个不同的包。请使用该prop-types库,而不是。我们提供了一个codemod脚本来自动化转换。
随着您的应用程序的增长,您可以通过类型检查来捕捉大量错误。对于某些应用程序,您可以使用JavaScript扩展(如Flow或TypeScript)来检查整个应用程序。但即使你不使用这些,React也有一些内置的类型检测功能。要在组件的道具上运行类型检查,可以指定特殊propTypes属性:
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
class Greeting extends React.Component {
render() { return ( <h1>Hello, {this.props.name}</h1> ); }}
Greeting.propTypes = {
name: PropTypes.string};PropTypes导出一系列可用于确保您收到的数据有效的验证程序。在这个例子中,我们正在使用PropTypes.string。当为prop提供无效值时,JavaScript控制台中将显示警告。出于性能原因,propTypes仅在开发模式下进行检查。
这里是一个记录提供的不同验证器的例子:
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
MyComponent.propTypes = { // You can declare that a prop is a specific JS primitive. By default, these // are all optional.
optionalArray: PropTypes.array,
optionalBool: PropTypes.bool,
optionalFunc: PropTypes.func,
optionalNumber: PropTypes.number,
optionalObject: PropTypes.object,
optionalString: PropTypes.string,
optionalSymbol: PropTypes.symbol, // Anything that can be rendered: numbers, strings, elements or an array // (or fragment) containing these types.
optionalNode: PropTypes.node, // A React element.
optionalElement: PropTypes.element, // You can also declare that a prop is an instance of a class. This uses // JS's instanceof operator.
optionalMessage: PropTypes.instanceOf(Message), // You can ensure that your prop is limited to specific values by treating // it as an enum.
optionalEnum: PropTypes.oneOf(['News', 'Photos']), // An object that could be one of many types
optionalUnion: PropTypes.oneOfType([
PropTypes.string,
PropTypes.number,
PropTypes.instanceOf(Message) ]), // An array of a certain type
optionalArrayOf: PropTypes.arrayOf(PropTypes.number), // An object with property values of a certain type
optionalObjectOf: PropTypes.objectOf(PropTypes.number), // An object taking on a particular shape
optionalObjectWithShape: PropTypes.shape({
color: PropTypes.string,
fontSize: PropTypes.number }), // You can chain any of the above with `isRequired` to make sure a warning // is shown if the prop isn't provided.
requiredFunc: PropTypes.func.isRequired, // A value of any data type
requiredAny: PropTypes.any.isRequired, // You can also specify a custom validator. It should return an Error // object if the validation fails. Don't `console.warn` or throw, as this // won't work inside `oneOfType`.
customProp: function(props, propName, componentName) { if (!/matchme/.test(props[propName])) { return new Error(
'Invalid prop `' + propName + '` supplied to' +
' `' + componentName + '`. Validation failed.' ); } }, // You can also supply a custom validator to `arrayOf` and `objectOf`. // It should return an Error object if the validation fails. The validator // will be called for each key in the array or object. The first two // arguments of the validator are the array or object itself, and the // current item's key.
customArrayProp: PropTypes.arrayOf(function(propValue, key, componentName, location, propFullName) { if (!/matchme/.test(propValue[key])) { return new Error(
'Invalid prop `' + propFullName + '` supplied to' +
' `' + componentName + '`. Validation failed.' ); } })};随着PropTypes.element您可以指定只有一个孩子可以传递给儿童一个组成部分。
import PropTypes from 'prop-types';
class MyComponent extends React.Component {
render() { // This must be exactly one element or it will warn.
const children = this.props.children;
return ( <div> {children} </div> ); }}
MyComponent.propTypes = {
children: PropTypes.element.isRequired
};您可以props通过分配特殊defaultProps属性来为您定义默认值:
class Greeting extends React.Component {
render() { return ( <h1>Hello, {this.props.name}</h1> ); }}
// Specifies the default values for props:
Greeting.defaultProps = {
name: 'Stranger'};// Renders "Hello, Stranger":ReactDOM.render( <Greeting />,
document.getElementById('example'));如果使用类似transform-class-properties的Babel变换,则还可以defaultProps在React组件类中声明为静态属性。尽管这个语法尚未完成,并且需要编译步骤才能在浏览器中工作。有关更多信息,请参阅班级字段提案。
class Greeting extends React.Component {
static defaultProps = {
name: 'stranger' }
render() { return ( <div>Hello, {this.props.name}</div> ) }}的defaultProps将被用于确保this.props.name,如果不是由父组件指定它将有一个值。类型检查propTypes发生在defaultProps解决后,因此类型检查也将适用于该类型defaultProps。