Operation and Maintenance
Linux Operation and Maintenance
How to partition, format and mount disk under Linux
How to partition, format and mount disk under Linux
When our server disk space is almost full, we may need to add a new disk. However, adding a new disk cannot be used immediately. It requires a series of operations: disk partitioning, formatting, mounting, etc.
Now, let me tell you how to add a new partition to the linux system
Partition
Before partitioning we To find the new disk name. Using lsblk
# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT vda 253:0 0 40G 0 disk └─vda1 253:1 0 40G 0 part / vdb 253:16 0 200G 0 disk <===== 我们需要对这块磁盘进行分区 ├─vdb1 253:17 0 50G 0 part /data └─vdb2 253:18 0 100G 0 part /www
, you can see that there is 50G of remaining space on the vdb disk. The next step is to partition the disk. You need to use the fdisk or gdisk command.
# fdisk /dev/vdb Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1). Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them. Be careful before using the write command. Command (m for help): <=== 输入m可以获得帮助信息，常见有p打印分区情况，n新增分区，d删除分区，w保存
## 然后我们输入n
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): <=== 这里我们就用default,如果主分区已经有了三了个，那么建议使用e
Using default response p.
Partition number (3,4, default 3): <=== 继续enter
First sector (314574848-419430399, default 314574848): <=== 继续enter
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (314574848-419430399, default 419430399):
# 因为我们想使用掉所有剩余空间，所以直接enter，如果是想要指定大小，可以输入+1G这样
Command (m for help):w <=== 最后填入w保存配置Now we check whether the new partition has come out
# lsblk NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT vda 253:0 0 40G 0 disk └─vda1 253:1 0 40G 0 part / vdb 253:16 0 200G 0 disk ├─vdb1 253:17 0 50G 0 part /data ├─vdb2 253:18 0 100G 0 part /www └─vdb3 253:19 0 50G 0 part <===== 出现了一个新的分区
Before formatting the partition, we re-read the kernel partition table
partprobe # cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 253 0 41943040 vda 253 1 41941999 vda1 253 16 209715200 vdb 253 17 52428800 vdb1 253 18 104857600 vdb2 253 19 52427776 vdb3 <=== 已经出来了
Formatting
Formatting is for writing to the file system. Formatting is very simple, just use the mkfs. file system name.
# mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb3 ……
Mount
After formatting, the file system has been written to the new partition, but the partition cannot be used yet. It still needs to be Go and mount the partition to an empty directory. We will use the empty directory /mnt as the mount point
# mount /dev/vdb3 /mnt
At this point, you can use the new partition. Let’s use the df command to check and see:
# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on devtmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 3.9G 528K 3.9G 1% /run tmpfs 3.9G 0 3.9G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/vda1 40G 19G 22G 47% / /dev/vdb1 50G 466M 50G 1% /data /dev/vdb2 100G 27G 74G 27% /www tmpfs 782M 0 782M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/vdb3 50G 390M 50G 1% /mnt <===== 已经有了
Automatically mount at boot
Now this partition is mounted to the /mnt directory, it has It can be used, but every time you restart the server, you need to remount the partition. Is there any way to make it automatically mount when booting? Yes, there is a file specifically used for boot mounting. This file is the /etc/fstab file. Open this file and look at its format
UUID=e32cfa7a-df48-4031-8fdf-5eec92ee3039 / xfs defaults 0 0
There are a total of 6 parameters in each line, and their meanings are as follows:
[设备名/UUID/卷标名等] [挂载点] [文件系统] [文件系统参数] [是否备份] [是否检测硬盘]
Below, we are in this file Just like new additions, first we need to know the UUID of the file system (UUID is recommended)
# blkid /dev/vda1: UUID="e32cfa7a-df48-4031-8fdf-5eec92ee3039" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="1863aa79-01" /dev/vdb1: UUID="d997ce14-6822-4719-9476-15e6b0cec59d" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="a5f349fa-01" /dev/vdb2: UUID="47685195-e6e1-4761-b7f8-26104218f3d7" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="a5f349fa-02" /dev/vdb3: UUID="d95d50fa-a7a9-4cc4-ae41-a9081821f089" TYPE="xfs" PARTUUID="a5f349fa-03" <=== 在这里
Now add a new line in /etc/fstab, the content is as follows
UUID=d95d50fa-a7a9-4cc4-ae41-a9081821f089 /mnt xfs defaults 0 2
Note: Modification /etc/fstab file, remember to use mount -a to check if there are any syntax errors. If there are errors, it will cause abnormal booting
The above is the detailed content of How to partition, format and mount disk under Linux. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!
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