php高并发问题解决思路
qps多少才算高并发
首先是无状态前端机器不足以承载请求流量,需要进行水平扩展,一般QPS是千级。 然后是关系型数据库无法承载读取或写入峰值,需要数据库横向扩展或引入nosql,一般是千到万级。 之后是单机nosql无法承载,需要nosql横向扩展,一般是十万到百万QPS。 最后是难以单纯横向扩展nosql,比如微博就引入多级缓存架构,这种架构一般可以应对百万到千万对nosql的访问QPS。 当然面向用户的接口请求一般到不了这个量级,QPS递增大多是由于读放大造成的压力,单也属于高并发架构考虑的范畴。
PV和QPS
比如微博每天1亿多pv的系统一般也就1500QPS,5000QPS峰值。
比如有人说:
2C4G机器单机一般1000QPS。
8C8G机器单机可承受7000QPS。
php怎么处理高并发问题?
通俗来讲,高并发是指在同一个时间点,有很多用户同时的访问同一 API 接口或者 Url 地址。它经常会发生在有大活跃用户量,用户高聚集的业务场景中。
处理高并发的业务逻辑是:
前端:异步请求+资源静态化+cdn
后端:请求队列+轮询分发+负载均衡+共享缓存
数据层:redis缓存+数据分表+写队列
存储:raid阵列+热备
网络:dns轮询+DDOS攻击防护
php处理高并发问题的方法
1、应用和静态资源分离
将静态资源(js,css,图片等)放到专门的服务器中。
2、页面缓存
将应用生成的页面缓存起来可以节省大量cpu资源。对于部分页面经常变换数据的,可以使用ajax来处理。
3、集群和分布式
集群,多台服务器具有相同的功能,主要起分流的作用。分布式,将不同的业务放到不同的服务器中,处理一个请求可能需要多台服务器,进而提高一个请求的处理速度。又分为静态资源集群和应用程序集群。后者较复杂,经常要考虑session同步等问题。
4、反向代理
客户端直接访问的服务器并不是直接提供服务的服务器,它从别的服务器获取资源,然后将结果返回给用户。
代理服务器和反向代理服务器:
代理服务器是代我们访获取资源,然后将结果返回。例如,访问外网的代理服务器。反向代理服务器是我们正常访问一台服务器的时候,服务器自己调用了别的服务器。
代理服务器我们主动使用,是为我们服务的,不需要有自己的域名;反向代理是服务器自己使用的,我们并不知道,有自己的域名。
5、CDN
CDN是一种特殊的集群页面缓冲服务器,和普通的集群的多台页面缓冲服务器相比主要区别是:其存放位置和分配请求方式不同。
CDN的服务器分布在全国各地,接收到请求后会将请求分配到最合适的CDN服务器节点来获取数据。其每一个CDN节点就是一个页面缓存服务器。
分配方式:
并不是普通的负载均衡,而是专门的CDN域名解析服务器在解析域名的时候就分配好的。
一般的做法是:ISP那里使用CNAME将域名解析到一个特定的域名,然后再将解析到的那个域名用专门的CDN服务器解析(返回给浏览器,再访问)到相应的CDN节点。每个节点可能也集群了多台服务器。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











JWT is an open standard based on JSON, used to securely transmit information between parties, mainly for identity authentication and information exchange. 1. JWT consists of three parts: Header, Payload and Signature. 2. The working principle of JWT includes three steps: generating JWT, verifying JWT and parsing Payload. 3. When using JWT for authentication in PHP, JWT can be generated and verified, and user role and permission information can be included in advanced usage. 4. Common errors include signature verification failure, token expiration, and payload oversized. Debugging skills include using debugging tools and logging. 5. Performance optimization and best practices include using appropriate signature algorithms, setting validity periods reasonably,

A string is a sequence of characters, including letters, numbers, and symbols. This tutorial will learn how to calculate the number of vowels in a given string in PHP using different methods. The vowels in English are a, e, i, o, u, and they can be uppercase or lowercase. What is a vowel? Vowels are alphabetic characters that represent a specific pronunciation. There are five vowels in English, including uppercase and lowercase: a, e, i, o, u Example 1 Input: String = "Tutorialspoint" Output: 6 explain The vowels in the string "Tutorialspoint" are u, o, i, a, o, i. There are 6 yuan in total

Static binding (static::) implements late static binding (LSB) in PHP, allowing calling classes to be referenced in static contexts rather than defining classes. 1) The parsing process is performed at runtime, 2) Look up the call class in the inheritance relationship, 3) It may bring performance overhead.

What are the magic methods of PHP? PHP's magic methods include: 1.\_\_construct, used to initialize objects; 2.\_\_destruct, used to clean up resources; 3.\_\_call, handle non-existent method calls; 4.\_\_get, implement dynamic attribute access; 5.\_\_set, implement dynamic attribute settings. These methods are automatically called in certain situations, improving code flexibility and efficiency.

PHP and Python each have their own advantages, and choose according to project requirements. 1.PHP is suitable for web development, especially for rapid development and maintenance of websites. 2. Python is suitable for data science, machine learning and artificial intelligence, with concise syntax and suitable for beginners.

PHP is widely used in e-commerce, content management systems and API development. 1) E-commerce: used for shopping cart function and payment processing. 2) Content management system: used for dynamic content generation and user management. 3) API development: used for RESTful API development and API security. Through performance optimization and best practices, the efficiency and maintainability of PHP applications are improved.

PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7

PHP is still dynamic and still occupies an important position in the field of modern programming. 1) PHP's simplicity and powerful community support make it widely used in web development; 2) Its flexibility and stability make it outstanding in handling web forms, database operations and file processing; 3) PHP is constantly evolving and optimizing, suitable for beginners and experienced developers.
