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php高并发问题解决思路

Jun 06, 2016 pm 08:15 PM
php High concurrency

qps多少才算高并发

首先是无状态前端机器不足以承载请求流量,需要进行水平扩展,一般QPS是千级。 然后是关系型数据库无法承载读取或写入峰值,需要数据库横向扩展或引入nosql,一般是千到万级。 之后是单机nosql无法承载,需要nosql横向扩展,一般是十万到百万QPS。 最后是难以单纯横向扩展nosql,比如微博就引入多级缓存架构,这种架构一般可以应对百万到千万对nosql的访问QPS。 当然面向用户的接口请求一般到不了这个量级,QPS递增大多是由于读放大造成的压力,单也属于高并发架构考虑的范畴。

PV和QPS

比如微博每天1亿多pv的系统一般也就1500QPS,5000QPS峰值。

比如有人说:

2C4G机器单机一般1000QPS。

8C8G机器单机可承受7000QPS。

php怎么处理高并发问题?

通俗来讲,高并发是指在同一个时间点,有很多用户同时的访问同一 API 接口或者 Url 地址。它经常会发生在有大活跃用户量,用户高聚集的业务场景中。

 

处理高并发的业务逻辑是:

前端:异步请求+资源静态化+cdn

后端:请求队列+轮询分发+负载均衡+共享缓存

数据层:redis缓存+数据分表+写队列

存储:raid阵列+热备

网络:dns轮询+DDOS攻击防护

 

php处理高并发问题的方法

1、应用和静态资源分离

将静态资源(js,css,图片等)放到专门的服务器中。

2、页面缓存

将应用生成的页面缓存起来可以节省大量cpu资源。对于部分页面经常变换数据的,可以使用ajax来处理。

3、集群和分布式

集群,多台服务器具有相同的功能,主要起分流的作用。分布式,将不同的业务放到不同的服务器中,处理一个请求可能需要多台服务器,进而提高一个请求的处理速度。又分为静态资源集群和应用程序集群。后者较复杂,经常要考虑session同步等问题。

4、反向代理

客户端直接访问的服务器并不是直接提供服务的服务器,它从别的服务器获取资源,然后将结果返回给用户。

代理服务器和反向代理服务器:

代理服务器是代我们访获取资源,然后将结果返回。例如,访问外网的代理服务器。反向代理服务器是我们正常访问一台服务器的时候,服务器自己调用了别的服务器。

代理服务器我们主动使用,是为我们服务的,不需要有自己的域名;反向代理是服务器自己使用的,我们并不知道,有自己的域名。

5、CDN

CDN是一种特殊的集群页面缓冲服务器,和普通的集群的多台页面缓冲服务器相比主要区别是:其存放位置和分配请求方式不同。

CDN的服务器分布在全国各地,接收到请求后会将请求分配到最合适的CDN服务器节点来获取数据。其每一个CDN节点就是一个页面缓存服务器。

分配方式:

并不是普通的负载均衡,而是专门的CDN域名解析服务器在解析域名的时候就分配好的。

一般的做法是:ISP那里使用CNAME将域名解析到一个特定的域名,然后再将解析到的那个域名用专门的CDN服务器解析(返回给浏览器,再访问)到相应的CDN节点。每个节点可能也集群了多台服务器。

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