用SQL建立索引
用SQL建立索引 为了给一个表建立索引,启动任务栏SQL Sever程序组中的ISQL/w程序。进入查询窗口后,输入下面的语句: CREATE INDEX mycolumn_index ON mytable (myclumn) 这个语句建立了一个名为mycolumn_index的索引。你可以给一个索引起任何名字,但你应该
用SQL建立索引
为了给一个表建立索引,启动任务栏SQL Sever程序组中的ISQL/w程序。进入查询窗口后,输入下面的语句:
CREATE INDEX mycolumn_index ON mytable (myclumn)
这个语句建立了一个名为mycolumn_index的索引。你可以给一个索引起任何名字,但你应该在索引名中包含所索引的字段名,这对你将来弄清楚建立该索引的意图是有帮助的。
注意:
执行后,都会收到如下的信息:
This command did not return data,and it did not return any rows
这说明该语句执行成功了。
索引mycolumn_index对表mytable的mycolumn字段进行。这是个非聚簇索引,也是个非唯一索引。(这是一个索引的缺省属性)
如果你需要改变一个索引的类型,你必须删除原来的索引并重建 一个。建立了一个索引后,你可以用下面的SQL语句删除它:
DROP INDEX mytable.mycolumn_index
注意在DROP INDEX 语句中你要包含表的名字。在这个例子中,你删除的索引是mycolumn_index,它是表mytable的索引。
要建立一个聚簇索引,可以使用关键字CLUSTERED。记住一个表只能有一个聚簇索引。
这里有一个如何对一个表建立聚簇索引的例子:
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX mycolumn_clust_index ON mytable(mycolumn)
如果表中有重复的记录,当你试图用这个语句建立索引时,会出现错误。但是有重复记录的表也可以建立索引;你只要使用关键字ALLOW_DUP_ROW把这一点告诉SQL Sever即可:
CREATE CLUSTERED INDEX mycolumn_cindex ON mytable(mycolumn) WITH ALLOW_DUP_ROW
这个语句建立了一个允许重复记录的聚簇索引。你应该尽量避免在一个表中出现重复记录,但是,如果已经出现了,你可以使用这种方法。
要对一个表建立唯一索引,可以使用关键字UNIQUE。对聚簇索引和非聚簇索引都可以使用这个关键字。这里有一个例子:
CREATE UNIQUE COUSTERED INDEX myclumn_cindex ON mytable(mycolumn)
这是你将经常使用的索引建立语句。无论何时,只要可以,你应该尽量对一个对一个表建立唯一聚簇索引来增强查询操作。
最后,要建立一个对多个字段的索引──复合索引──在索引建立语句中同时包含多个字段名。下面的例子对firstname和lastname两个字段建立索引:
CREATE INDEX name_index ON username(firstname,lastname)
这个例子对两个字段建立了单个索引。在一个复合索引中,你最多可以对16个字段进行索引。
--联接
SELECT
FROM dbo.k_baoming INNER JOIN
dbo.k_kebiao ON dbo.k_baoming.o_flowid = dbo.k_kebiao.f_apply_id
--左向外联接
SELECT dbo.k_baoming.o_flowid
FROM dbo.k_baoming LEFT OUTER JOIN
dbo.k_kebiao ON dbo.k_baoming.o_flowid = dbo.k_kebiao.f_kebiaoID
--右向外联接
SELECT dbo.k_baoming.o_flowid
FROM dbo.k_baoming RIGHT OUTER JOIN
dbo.k_kebiao ON dbo.k_baoming.o_flowid = dbo.k_kebiao.f_kebiaoID
--完整外部联接
SELECT dbo.k_baoming.o_flowid
FROM dbo.k_baoming FULL OUTER JOIN
dbo.k_kebiao ON dbo.k_baoming.o_flowid = dbo.k_kebiao.f_kebiaoID
--可以不要OUTER

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