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PHP数组实际占用内存大小的分析

Jun 06, 2016 pm 07:54 PM
http php Memory analyze occupy actual array

http://blog.csdn.net/hguisu/article/details/7376705 我们在前面的php高效写法提到,尽量不要复制变量,特别是数组。 一般来说,PHP数组的内存利用率只有 1/10, 也就是说,一个在C语言里面100M 内存的数组,在PHP里面就要1G。下面我们可以粗略的估算PHP数

http://blog.csdn.net/hguisu/article/details/7376705

我们在前面的php高效写法提到,尽量不要复制变量,特别是数组。一般来说,PHP数组的内存利用率只有 1/10, 也就是说,一个在C语言里面100M 内存的数组,在PHP里面就要1G。下面我们可以粗略的估算PHP数组占用内存的大小,首先我们测试1000个元素的整数占用的内存:

<?php echo memory_get_usage() , '<br>';  
    $start = memory_get_usage();  
    $a = Array();  
    for ($i=0; $i';  
    for ($i=1000; $i';  
    echo 'argv:', ($mid - $start)/1024 ,'kb' , '<br>';  
    echo 'argv:',($end - $mid)/1024 ,'kb' , '<br>';  
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输出是:

350752
435248
519424
argv:84.416byte
argv:84.176byte

大概了解1000 个元素的整数数组需要占用 82k 内存,平均每个元素占用 84 个字节。而纯 C 中整体只需要 4k(一个整型占用4byte * 1000 )。memory_get_usage() 返回的结果并不是全是被数组占用了,还要包括一些 PHP 运行本身分配的一些结构,可能用内置函数生成的数组更接近真实的空间:

<?php $start = memory_get_usage(true);  
    $a = array_fill(0, 10000, 1);  
    $mid = memory_get_usage(true); //10k elements array;   
    echo 'argv:', ($mid - $start )/10000,'byte' , '<br>';  
    $b = array_fill(0, 10000, 1);  
    $end = memory_get_usage(true); //10k elements array;   
    echo 'argv:', ($end - $mid)/10000 ,'byte' , '<br>';  
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得到:
argv:54.5792byte
argv:54.5792byte

从这个结果来看似乎一个数组元素大约占用了54个左右的字节。再看看数组在Zend里面的C结构,PHP中的数组变量,首先需要一个 zval 结构:
struct _zval_struct {
   zvalue_value value;
   zend_uint refcount__gc;
   zend_uchar type;
   zend_uchar is_ref__gc;
};
zvalue_value 是一个union:
typedef union _zvalue_value {
   long lval;
   double dval;
   struct {
       char *val;
       int len;
   } str;
   HashTable *ht;
   zend_object_value obj;
} zvalue_value;

通常 zval 结构需要 8+6=14 个字节,PHP中每个变量都有对应的 zval,但是数组,字符串和对象还需要另外的存储结构,而数组则是一个 HashTable :
typedef struct _hashtable {
    uint nTableSize;
    uint nTableMask;
    uint nNumOfElements;
    ulong nNextFreeElement;
    Bucket *pInternalPointer;
    Bucket *pListHead;
    Bucket *pListTail;
    Bucket **arBuckets;
    dtor_func_t pDestructor;
    zend_bool persistent;
    unsigned char nApplyCount;
    zend_bool bApplyProtection;
} HashTable;
HashTable 结构需要 40 个字节,每个数组元素存储在 Bucket 结构中:
typedef struct bucket {
    ulong h;
    uint nKeyLength;
    void *pData;
    void *pDataPtr;
    struct bucket *pListNext;
    struct bucket *pListLast;
    struct bucket *pNext;
    struct bucket *pLast;
    char arKey[1];
} Bucket;
Bucket 结构需要 36 个字节,键长超过四个字节的部分附加在 Bucket 后面,而元素值很可能是一个 zval 结构,另外每个数组会分配一个由 arBuckets 指向的 Bucket 指针数组, 虽然不能说每增加一个元素就需要一个指针,但是实际情况可能更糟。这么算来一个数组元素就会占用 54 个字节,与上面的估算几乎一样。
    一个空数组至少会占用 14(zval) + 40(HashTable) + 32(arBuckets) = 86 个字节,作为一个变量应该在符号表中有个位置,也是一个数组元素,因此一个空数组变量需要 118 个字节来描述和存储。从空间的角度来看,小型数组平均代价较大,当然一个脚本中不会充斥数量很大的小型数组,可以以较小的空间代价来获取编程上的快捷。但如果将数组当作容器来使用就是另一番景象了,实际应用经常会遇到多维数组,而且元素居多。比如10k个元素的一维数组大概消耗540k内存,而10k x 10 的二维数组理论上只需要 6M 左右的空间,但是按照 memory_get_usage 的结果则两倍于此,[10k,5,2]的三维数组居然消耗了23M,小型数组果然是划不来的。

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