Table of Contents
开始使用
查找html元素
元素属性操作
在解析器中调用元素属性
在解析器中编辑元素
如何避免解析器消耗过多内存
Home php教程 php手册 PHP Simple HTML DOM解析器使用入门

PHP Simple HTML DOM解析器使用入门

Jun 06, 2016 pm 07:54 PM
dom html php simple one use getting Started parse

一直以来使用php解析html文档树都是一个难题。 Simple HTML DOM parser 帮我们很好地解决了这个问题。可以通过这个php类来解析html文档,对其中的html元素进行操作 (PHP5以上版本)。 解析器不仅仅只是帮助我们验证html文档;更能解析不符合W3C标准的html文档

一直以来使用php解析html文档树都是一个难题。Simple HTML DOM parser 帮我们很好地解决了这个问题。可以通过这个php类来解析html文档,对其中的html元素进行操作 (PHP5+以上版本)。

解析器不仅仅只是帮助我们验证html文档;更能解析不符合W3C标准的html文档。它使用了类似jQuery的元素选择器,通过元素的id,class,tag等等来查找定位;同时还提供添加、删除、修改文档树的功能。当然,这样一款强大的html Dom解析器也不是尽善尽美;在使用的过程中需要十分小心内存消耗的情况。不过,不要担心;本文中,笔者在最后会为各位介绍如何避免消耗过多的内存。

开始使用

上传类文件以后,有三种方式调用这个类:

从url中加载html文档

从字符串中加载html文档

从文件中加载html文档

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<?php

// 新建一个Dom实例

$html = new simple_html_dom();

  

// 从url中加载

$html->load_file('http://www.cnphp.info/php-simple-html-dom-parser-intro.html');

  

// 从字符串中加载

$html->load('从字符串中加载html文档演示');

  

//从文件中加载

$html->load_file('path/file/test.html');

?>

如果从字符串加载html文档,需要先从网络上下载。建议使用cURL来抓取html文档并加载DOM中。

查找html元素

可以使用find函数来查找html文档中的元素。返回的结果是一个包含了对象的数组。我们使用HTML DOM解析类中的函数来访问这些对象,下面给出几个示例:

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<?php

  

//查找html文档中的超链接元素

$a = $html->find('a');

  

//查找文档中第(N)个超链接,如果没有找到则返回空数组.

$a = $html->find('a', 0);

  

// 查找id为main的div元素

$main = $html->find('div[id=main]',0);

  

// 查找所有包含有id属性的div元素

$divs = $html->find('div[id]');

  

// 查找所有包含有id属性的元素

$divs = $html->find('[id]');

?>

还可以使用类似jQuery的选择器来查找定位元素:

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<?php

// 查找id='#container'的元素

$ret = $html->find('#container');

  

// 找到所有class=foo的元素

$ret = $html->find('.foo');

  

$ret = $html->find('a, img');

  

// 还可以这样用

$ret = $html->find('a[title], img[title]');

?>

解析器支持对子元素的查找

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<?php

  

// 查找 ul列表中所有的li项

$ret = $html->find('ul li');

  

//查找 ul 列表指定class=selected的li项

$ret = $html->find('ul li.selected');

  

?>

如果你觉得这样用起来麻烦,使用内置函数可以轻松定位元素的父元素、子元素与相邻元素

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<?php

// 返回父元素

$e->parent;

  

// 返回子元素数组

$e->children;

  

// 通过索引号返回指定子元素

$e->children(0);

  

// 返回第一个资源速

$e->first_child ();

  

// 返回最后一个子元素

$e->last _child ();

  

// 返回上一个相邻元素

$e->prev_sibling ();

  

//返回下一个相邻元素

$e->next_sibling ();

?>

元素属性操作

使用简单的正则表达式来操作属性选择器。

[attribute] – 选择包含某属性的html元素

[attribute=value] – 选择所有指定值属性的html元素

[attribute!=value]- 选择所有非指定值属性的html元素

[attribute^=value] -选择所有指定值开头属性的html元素

[attribute$=value] 选择所有指定值结尾属性的html元素

[attribute*=value] -选择所有包含指定值属性的html元素

在解析器中调用元素属性

在DOM中元素属性也是对象:

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<?php

// 本例中将$a的锚链接值赋给$link变量

$link = $a->href;

?>

或者:

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<?php

$link = $html->find('a',0)->href;

?>

每个对象都有4个基本对象属性:

innertext – 返回innerHTML

outertext – 返回outerHTML

在解析器中编辑元素

编辑元素属性的用法和调用它们是类似的:

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<?php

//给$a的锚链接赋新值

$a->href = 'http://www.cnphp.info';

  

// 删除锚链接

$a->href = null;

  

// 检测是否存在锚链接

if(isset($a->href)) {

//代码

}

?>

解析器中没有专门的方法来添加、删除元素,不过可以变通一下使用:

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<?php

  

// 封装元素

$e->outertext = '<div class="wrap">' <code> . $e->outertext . '<div>'<code>;

  

// 删除元素

$e->outertext = '';

  

// 添加元素

$e->outertext = $e->outertext . '<div>foo<div>'<code>;

  

// 插入元素

$e->outertext = '<div>foo<div>' <code>. $e->outertext;

?>

保存修改后的html DOM文档也非常简单:

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<?php

$doc = $html;

  

// 输出

echo $doc;

?>

如何避免解析器消耗过多内存

在本文的开篇中,笔者就提到了Simple HTML DOM解析器消耗内存过多的问题。如果php脚本占用内存太多,会导致网站停止响应等一系列严重的问题。解决的方法也很简单,在解析器加载html文档并使用完成后,记得清理掉这个对象就可以了。当然,也不要把问题看得太严重了。如果只是加载了2、3个文档,清理或不清理是没有多大区别的。当你加载了5个10个甚至更多的文档的时候,用完一个就清理一下内存绝对是对自己负责啦^_^

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<?php

$html->clear();

?>

45

PHP Simple HTML DOM解析器使用入门

 

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