PHP Simple HTML DOM解析器使用入门
一直以来使用php解析html文档树都是一个难题。 Simple HTML DOM parser 帮我们很好地解决了这个问题。可以通过这个php类来解析html文档,对其中的html元素进行操作 (PHP5以上版本)。 解析器不仅仅只是帮助我们验证html文档;更能解析不符合W3C标准的html文档
一直以来使用php解析html文档树都是一个难题。Simple HTML DOM parser 帮我们很好地解决了这个问题。可以通过这个php类来解析html文档,对其中的html元素进行操作 (PHP5+以上版本)。
解析器不仅仅只是帮助我们验证html文档;更能解析不符合W3C标准的html文档。它使用了类似jQuery的元素选择器,通过元素的id,class,tag等等来查找定位;同时还提供添加、删除、修改文档树的功能。当然,这样一款强大的html Dom解析器也不是尽善尽美;在使用的过程中需要十分小心内存消耗的情况。不过,不要担心;本文中,笔者在最后会为各位介绍如何避免消耗过多的内存。
开始使用
上传类文件以后,有三种方式调用这个类:
从url中加载html文档
从字符串中加载html文档
从文件中加载html文档
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如果从字符串加载html文档,需要先从网络上下载。建议使用cURL来抓取html文档并加载DOM中。
查找html元素
可以使用find函数来查找html文档中的元素。返回的结果是一个包含了对象的数组。我们使用HTML DOM解析类中的函数来访问这些对象,下面给出几个示例:
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还可以使用类似jQuery的选择器来查找定位元素:
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解析器支持对子元素的查找
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如果你觉得这样用起来麻烦,使用内置函数可以轻松定位元素的父元素、子元素与相邻元素
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元素属性操作
使用简单的正则表达式来操作属性选择器。
[attribute] – 选择包含某属性的html元素
[attribute=value] – 选择所有指定值属性的html元素
[attribute!=value]- 选择所有非指定值属性的html元素
[attribute^=value] -选择所有指定值开头属性的html元素
[attribute$=value] 选择所有指定值结尾属性的html元素
[attribute*=value] -选择所有包含指定值属性的html元素
在解析器中调用元素属性
在DOM中元素属性也是对象:
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或者:
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每个对象都有4个基本对象属性:
innertext – 返回innerHTML
outertext – 返回outerHTML
在解析器中编辑元素
编辑元素属性的用法和调用它们是类似的:
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解析器中没有专门的方法来添加、删除元素,不过可以变通一下使用:
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保存修改后的html DOM文档也非常简单:
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如何避免解析器消耗过多内存
在本文的开篇中,笔者就提到了Simple HTML DOM解析器消耗内存过多的问题。如果php脚本占用内存太多,会导致网站停止响应等一系列严重的问题。解决的方法也很简单,在解析器加载html文档并使用完成后,记得清理掉这个对象就可以了。当然,也不要把问题看得太严重了。如果只是加载了2、3个文档,清理或不清理是没有多大区别的。当你加载了5个10个甚至更多的文档的时候,用完一个就清理一下内存绝对是对自己负责啦^_^
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