Python基于smtplib实现异步发送邮件服务
基于smtplib包制作而成，但在实践中发现一个不知道算不算是smtplib留的一个坑，在网络断开的情况下发送邮件时会抛出一个socket.gaierror的异常，但是smtplib中并没有捕获这个异常，导致程序会因这个异常终止，因此代码中针对这部分的异常进行处理，确保不会异常终止。
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'Zoa Chou'
# see http://www.mudoom.com/Article/show/id/29.html for detail
import logging
import smtplib
import mimetypes
import socket
from email import encoders
from email.header import Header
from email.mime.text import MIMEText, MIMENonMultipart
from email.mime.base import MIMEBase
from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr
class Mailer(object):
def __init__(self):
pass
def send_mail(self, smtp_server, from_address, to_address, subject, body, files=None):
"""
发送邮件主程序
:param smtp_server: dict 邮件服务器设置
:keyword host: string smtp服务器地址
:keyword port: int smtp服务器端口号
:keyword user: string 用户名
:keyword passwd: string 密码
:keyword ssl: bool 是否启用ssl,默认False
:keyword timeout: int 超时时间,默认10s
:param from_address: 发件人邮箱
:param to_address: 收件人邮箱
:param subject: 邮件标题
:param body: 邮件内容
:param files: 附件
:raise: NetworkError/MailerException
"""
# 格式化邮件内容
body = self._encode_utf8(body)
# 邮件类型
content_type = 'html' if body.startswith('<html>') else 'plain'
msg = MIMENonMultipart() if files else MIMEText(body, content_type, 'utf-8')
# 格式化邮件数据
msg['From'] = self._format_address(from_address)
msg['To'] = ', '.join(self._format_list(to_address))
msg['subject'] = self._encode_utf8(subject)
# 构造附件数据
if files:
msg.attach(MIMEText(body, content_type, 'utf-8'))
cid = 0
for file_name, payload in files:
file_name = self._encode_utf8(file_name)
main_type, sub_type = self._get_file_type(file_name)
if hasattr(payload, 'read'):
payload = payload.read()
f_name = self._encode_header(file_name)
mime = MIMEBase(main_type, sub_type, filename=f_name)
mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=f_name)
mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<%s>' % cid)
mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '%s' % cid)
mime.set_payload(payload)
encoders.encode_base64(mime)
msg.attach(mime)
cid += 1
host = smtp_server.get('host')
port = smtp_server.get('port')
user = smtp_server.get('user')
passwd = smtp_server.get('passwd')
ssl = smtp_server.get('ssl', False)
time_out = smtp_server.get('timeout', 10)
# 没有输入端口则使用默认端口
if port is None or port == 0:
if ssl:
port = 465
else:
port = 25
logging.debug('Send mail form %s to %s' % (msg['From'], msg['To']))
try:
if ssl:
# 开启ssl连接模式
server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL('%s:%d' % (host, port), timeout=time_out)
else:
server = smtplib.SMTP('%s:%d' % (host, port), timeout=time_out)
# 开启调试模式
# server.set_debuglevel(1)
# 如果存在用户名密码则尝试登录
if user and passwd:
server.login(user, passwd)
# 发送邮件
server.sendmail(from_address, to_address, msg.as_string())
logging.debug('Mail sent success.')
# 关闭stmp连接
server.quit()
except socket.gaierror, e:
""" 网络无法连接 """
logging.exception(e)
raise NetworkError(e)
except smtplib.SMTPServerDisconnected, e:
""" 网络连接异常 """
logging.exception(e)
raise NetworkError(e)
except smtplib.SMTPException, e:
""" 邮件发送异常 """
logging.exception(e)
raise MailerException(e)
def _format_address(self, s):
"""
格式化邮件地址
:param s:string 邮件地址
:return: string 格式化后的邮件地址
"""
name, address = parseaddr(s)
return formataddr((self._encode_header(name), self._encode_utf8(address)))
def _encode_header(self, s):
"""
格式化符合MIME的头部数据
:param s: string 待格式化数据
:return: 格式化后的数据
"""
return Header(s, 'utf-8').encode()
def _encode_utf8(self, s):
"""
格式化成utf-8编码
:param s: string 待格式化数据
:return: string 格式化后的数据
"""
if isinstance(s, unicode):
return s.encode('utf-8')
else:
return s
def _get_file_type(self, file_name):
"""
获取附件类型
:param file_name: 附件文件名
:return: dict 附件MIME
"""
s = file_name.lower()
pos = s.rfind('.')
if pos == -1:
return 'application', 'octet-stream'
ext = s[pos:]
mime = mimetypes.types_map.get(ext, 'application/octet-stream')
pos = mime.find('/')
if pos == (-1):
return mime, ''
return mime[:pos], mime[pos+1:]
def _format_list(self, address):
"""
将收件人地址格式化成list
:param address: string/list 收件人邮箱
:return: list 收件人邮箱list
"""
l = address
if isinstance(l, basestring):
l = [l]
return [self._format_address(s) for s in l]
class MailerException(Exception):
""" 邮件发送异常类 """
pass
class NetworkError(MailerException):
""" 网络异常类 """
pass
# test for @qq.com
if __name__ == '__main__':
import sys
def prompt(prompt):
"""
接收终端输入的数据
"""
sys.stdout.write(prompt + ": ")
return sys.stdin.readline().strip()
from_address = prompt("From(Only @qq.com)")
passwd = prompt("Password")
to_address = prompt("To").split(',')
subject = prompt("Subject")
print "Enter message, end with ^D:"
msg = ''
while 1:
line = sys.stdin.readline()
if not line:
break
msg = msg + line
print "Message length is %d" % len(msg)
# QQ邮箱默认设置
smtp_server = {'host': 'smtp.qq.com', 'port': None, 'user': from_address, 'passwd': passwd, 'ssl': True}
mailer = Mailer()
try:
mailer.send_mail(smtp_server, from_address, to_address, subject, msg)
except MailerException, e:
print(e)
以上所述就是本文的全部内容了，希望大家能够喜欢。
Hot AI Tools
Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos
AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.
Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free
Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover
Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!
Hot Article
Hot Tools
Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor
SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use
Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment
Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools
SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)
Hot Topics
1664
14
1423
52
1318
25
1269
29
1248
24
PHP and Python: Different Paradigms Explained
Apr 18, 2025 am 12:26 AM
PHP is mainly procedural programming, but also supports object-oriented programming (OOP); Python supports a variety of paradigms, including OOP, functional and procedural programming. PHP is suitable for web development, and Python is suitable for a variety of applications such as data analysis and machine learning.
Choosing Between PHP and Python: A Guide
Apr 18, 2025 am 12:24 AM
PHP is suitable for web development and rapid prototyping, and Python is suitable for data science and machine learning. 1.PHP is used for dynamic web development, with simple syntax and suitable for rapid development. 2. Python has concise syntax, is suitable for multiple fields, and has a strong library ecosystem.
How to run sublime code python
Apr 16, 2025 am 08:48 AM
To run Python code in Sublime Text, you need to install the Python plug-in first, then create a .py file and write the code, and finally press Ctrl B to run the code, and the output will be displayed in the console.
PHP and Python: A Deep Dive into Their History
Apr 18, 2025 am 12:25 AM
PHP originated in 1994 and was developed by RasmusLerdorf. It was originally used to track website visitors and gradually evolved into a server-side scripting language and was widely used in web development. Python was developed by Guidovan Rossum in the late 1980s and was first released in 1991. It emphasizes code readability and simplicity, and is suitable for scientific computing, data analysis and other fields.
Python vs. JavaScript: The Learning Curve and Ease of Use
Apr 16, 2025 am 12:12 AM
Python is more suitable for beginners, with a smooth learning curve and concise syntax; JavaScript is suitable for front-end development, with a steep learning curve and flexible syntax. 1. Python syntax is intuitive and suitable for data science and back-end development. 2. JavaScript is flexible and widely used in front-end and server-side programming.
Golang vs. Python: Performance and Scalability
Apr 19, 2025 am 12:18 AM
Golang is better than Python in terms of performance and scalability. 1) Golang's compilation-type characteristics and efficient concurrency model make it perform well in high concurrency scenarios. 2) Python, as an interpreted language, executes slowly, but can optimize performance through tools such as Cython.
Where to write code in vscode
Apr 15, 2025 pm 09:54 PM
Writing code in Visual Studio Code (VSCode) is simple and easy to use. Just install VSCode, create a project, select a language, create a file, write code, save and run it. The advantages of VSCode include cross-platform, free and open source, powerful features, rich extensions, and lightweight and fast.
How to run python with notepad
Apr 16, 2025 pm 07:33 PM
Running Python code in Notepad requires the Python executable and NppExec plug-in to be installed. After installing Python and adding PATH to it, configure the command "python" and the parameter "{CURRENT_DIRECTORY}{FILE_NAME}" in the NppExec plug-in to run Python code in Notepad through the shortcut key "F6".
