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python动态性强类型用法实例

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:15 AM
python Dynamic Strongly typed

本文实例分析了python动态性强类型用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下:

Python变量声明和定义

与C#不同,Python在使用变量之前无须定义它的类型,试着运行下面的例子:

i = 12 print i
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从上边我们可以看到,变量 i 在使用前并不需要定义,但是必须声明以及初始化该变量。试着运行下面的例子:

i = 1
print i + j
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上面的代码会产生一个异常:“NameError: name 'j' is not defined”,Python提示变量 j 没有定义。这点和BASIC等弱类型的语言不一样。在BASIC中,执行上述代码的时候不会产生异常,你可以在EXCEL的VBA开发环境里试一下,把 print改为MsgBox就可以,结果会输出 1 。这说明Python并不是一种类似BASIC的弱类型语言。

另一方面,Python与C#有一个很大的差异就是在程序运行过程中,同一变量名可以(在不同阶段)代表不同类型的数据,看看下边的例子:

i = 1
print i,type(i),id(i)
i = 10000000000
print i,type(i),id(i)
i = 1.1
print i,type(i),id(i)
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变量 i 的类型在程序执行过程中分别经历了int、long和float的变化,这和静态类型语言(如C等)有很大不同。静态语言只要一个变量获得了一个数据类 型,它就会一直是这个类型,变量名代表的是用来存放数据的内存位置。而Python中使用的变量名只是各种数据及对象的引用,用id()获取的才是存放数 据的内存位置,我们输入的1、10000000000和1.1三个数据均会保存在id()所指示的这些内存位置中,直到垃圾回收车把它拉走(在系统确定你 不再使用它的时候)。这是动态语言的典型特征,它确定一个变量的类型是在给它赋值的时候。

另一方面,Python又是强类型的,试着运行下边的例子:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
i = 10; j = 'ss'
print i+j
#正确的写法是print str(i)+j,输出10ss
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会产生一个异常:“TypeError: unsupported operand type(s) for +: 'int' and 'str'”。在BASIC等弱类型的语言中,上边的例子会正常运行并返回(虽然有时候是不可预期的)结果。

所以,我们说Python既是一种动态类型语言,同时也是一种强类型的语言,这点是和C#不同的地方。对于Python的这种变量的声明、定义和使 用方式,C#程序员可能要花一段时间去适应,不过相信你会很快就喜欢上它,因为它让事情变得更加简单(而且不会不安全)。而且,C# 4.0 已经开始用类似的方式定义和使用变量(通过在变量名前加关键字dynamic),如果你先学了Python变量,将能够更快的适应C# 4.0的动态编程特征。

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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