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python函数局部变量用法实例分析

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:14 AM
python function local variables

本文实例讲述了python函数局部变量用法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体分析如下:

当你在函数定义内声明变量的时候,它们与函数外具有相同名称的其他变量没有任何关系,即变量名称对于函数来说是 局部 的。这称为变量的 作用域 。所有变量的作用域是它们被定义的块,从它们的名称被定义的那点开始。

一、使用局部变量

示例如下:

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: func_local.py
def func(x):
  print 'x is', x
  x = 2
  print 'Changed local x to', x
x = 50
func(x)
print 'x is still', x

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输出:

$ python func_local.py
x is 50
Changed local x to 2
x is still 50

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工作原理:

在函数中,我们第一次使用x的 值 的时候,Python使用函数声明的形参的值。
接下来,我们把值2赋给x。x是函数的局部变量。所以,当我们在函数内改变x的值的时候,在主块中定义的x不受影响。
在最后一个print语句中,我们证明了主块中的x的值确实没有受到影响。

二、使用global语句

如果你想要为一个定义在函数外的变量赋值,那么你就得告诉Python这个变量名不是局部的,而是 全局 的。我们使用global语句完成这一功能。没有global语句,是不可能为定义在函数外的变量赋值的。

你可以使用定义在函数外的变量的值(假设在函数内没有同名的变量)。然而,我并不鼓励你这样做,并且你应该尽量避免这样做,因为这使得程序的读者会不清楚这个变量是在哪里定义的。使用global语句可以清楚地表明变量是在外面的块定义的。

使用global语句示例:

#!/usr/bin/python
# Filename: func_global.py
def func():
  global x
  print 'x is', x
  x = 2
  print 'Changed local x to', x
x = 50
func()
print 'Value of x is', x

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输出:

$ python func_global.py
x is 50
Changed global x to 2
Value of x is 2

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工作原理:

global语句被用来声明x是全局的——因此,当我们在函数内把值赋给x的时候,这个变化也反映在我们在主块中使用x的值的时候。
你可以使用同一个global语句指定多个全局变量。例如global x, y, z。

希望本文所述对大家的Python程序设计有所帮助。

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