Python中的模块导入和读取键盘输入的方法
导入模块
import 语句
想使用Python源文件,只需在另一个源文件里执行import语句,语法如下:
import module1[, module2[,... moduleN]
当解释器遇到import语句,如果模块在当前的搜索路径就会被导入。
搜索路径是一个解释器会先进行搜索的所有目录的列表。如想要导入模块hello.py,需要把命令放在脚本的顶端:
#!/usr/bin/python # -*- coding: UTF-8 -*- # 导入模块 import support # 现在可以调用模块里包含的函数了 support.print_func("Zara")
以上实例输出结果:
Hello : Zara
一个模块只会被导入一次,不管你执行了多少次import。这样可以防止导入模块被一遍又一遍地执行。
From…import 语句
Python的from语句让你从模块中导入一个指定的部分到当前命名空间中。语法如下:
from modname import name1[, name2[, ... nameN]]
例如,要导入模块fib的fibonacci函数,使用如下语句:
from fib import fibonacci
这个声明不会把整个fib模块导入到当前的命名空间中,它只会将fib里的fibonacci单个引入到执行这个声明的模块的全局符号表。
From…import* 语句
把一个模块的所有内容全都导入到当前的命名空间也是可行的,只需使用如下声明:
from modname import *
这提供了一个简单的方法来导入一个模块中的所有项目。然而这种声明不该被过多地使用。
读取键盘输入
Python提供了两个内置函数从标准输入读入一行文本,默认的标准输入是键盘。如下:
raw_input
input
raw_input函数
raw_input([prompt]) 函数从标准输入读取一个行,并返回一个字符串(去掉结尾的换行符):
#!/usr/bin/python str = raw_input("Enter your input: "); print "Received input is : ", str
这将提示你输入任意字符串,然后在屏幕上显示相同的字符串。当我输入"Hello Python!",它的输出如下:
Enter your input: Hello Python Received input is : Hello Python
input函数
input([prompt]) 函数和raw_input([prompt]) 函数基本可以互换,但是input会假设你的输入是一个有效的Python表达式,并返回运算结果。
#!/usr/bin/python str = input("Enter your input: "); print "Received input is : ", str
这会产生如下的对应着输入的结果:
Enter your input: [x*5 for x in range(2,10,2)] Recieved input is : [10, 20, 30, 40]

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