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在Django的上下文中设置变量的方法

Jun 06, 2016 am 11:13 AM
django python

前一节的例子只是简单的返回一个值。 很多时候设置一个模板变量而非返回值也很有用。 那样,模板作者就只能使用你的模板标签所设置的变量。

要在上下文中设置变量,在 render() 函数的context对象上使用字典赋值。 这里是一个修改过的 CurrentTimeNode ,其中设定了一个模板变量 current_time ,并没有返回它:

class CurrentTimeNode2(template.Node):
  def __init__(self, format_string):
    self.format_string = str(format_string)

  def render(self, context):
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    context['current_time'] = now.strftime(self.format_string)
    return ''

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(我们把创建函数do_current_time2和注册给current_time2模板标签的工作留作读者练习。)

注意 render() 返回了一个空字符串。 render() 应当总是返回一个字符串,所以如果模板标签只是要设置变量, render() 就应该返回一个空字符串。

你应该这样使用这个新版本的标签:

{% current_time2 "%Y-%M-%d %I:%M %p" %}
<p>The time is {{ current_time }}.</p>

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但是 CurrentTimeNode2 有一个问题: 变量名 current_time 是硬编码的。 这意味着你必须确定你的模板在其它任何地方都不使用 {{ current_time }} ,因为 {% current_time2 %} 会盲目的覆盖该变量的值。

一种更简洁的方案是由模板标签来指定需要设定的变量的名称,就像这样:

{% get_current_time "%Y-%M-%d %I:%M %p" as my_current_time %}
<p>The current time is {{ my_current_time }}.</p>

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为此,你需要重构编译函数和 Node 类,如下所示:

import re

class CurrentTimeNode3(template.Node):
  def __init__(self, format_string, var_name):
    self.format_string = str(format_string)
    self.var_name = var_name

  def render(self, context):
    now = datetime.datetime.now()
    context[self.var_name] = now.strftime(self.format_string)
    return ''

def do_current_time(parser, token):
  # This version uses a regular expression to parse tag contents.
  try:
    # Splitting by None == splitting by spaces.
    tag_name, arg = token.contents.split(None, 1)
  except ValueError:
    msg = '%r tag requires arguments' % token.contents[0]
    raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(msg)

  m = re.search(r'(.*&#63;) as (\w+)', arg)
  if m:
    fmt, var_name = m.groups()
  else:
    msg = '%r tag had invalid arguments' % tag_name
    raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(msg)

  if not (fmt[0] == fmt[-1] and fmt[0] in ('"', "'")):
    msg = "%r tag's argument should be in quotes" % tag_name
    raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(msg)

  return CurrentTimeNode3(fmt[1:-1], var_name)

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现在 do_current_time() 把格式字符串和变量名传递给 CurrentTimeNode3 。

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