在Django的上下文中设置变量的方法
前一节的例子只是简单的返回一个值。 很多时候设置一个模板变量而非返回值也很有用。 那样,模板作者就只能使用你的模板标签所设置的变量。
要在上下文中设置变量,在 render() 函数的context对象上使用字典赋值。 这里是一个修改过的 CurrentTimeNode ,其中设定了一个模板变量 current_time ,并没有返回它:
class CurrentTimeNode2(template.Node): def __init__(self, format_string): self.format_string = str(format_string) def render(self, context): now = datetime.datetime.now() context['current_time'] = now.strftime(self.format_string) return ''
(我们把创建函数do_current_time2和注册给current_time2模板标签的工作留作读者练习。)
注意 render() 返回了一个空字符串。 render() 应当总是返回一个字符串,所以如果模板标签只是要设置变量, render() 就应该返回一个空字符串。
你应该这样使用这个新版本的标签:
{% current_time2 "%Y-%M-%d %I:%M %p" %} <p>The time is {{ current_time }}.</p>
但是 CurrentTimeNode2 有一个问题: 变量名 current_time 是硬编码的。 这意味着你必须确定你的模板在其它任何地方都不使用 {{ current_time }} ,因为 {% current_time2 %} 会盲目的覆盖该变量的值。
一种更简洁的方案是由模板标签来指定需要设定的变量的名称,就像这样:
{% get_current_time "%Y-%M-%d %I:%M %p" as my_current_time %} <p>The current time is {{ my_current_time }}.</p>
为此,你需要重构编译函数和 Node 类,如下所示:
import re class CurrentTimeNode3(template.Node): def __init__(self, format_string, var_name): self.format_string = str(format_string) self.var_name = var_name def render(self, context): now = datetime.datetime.now() context[self.var_name] = now.strftime(self.format_string) return '' def do_current_time(parser, token): # This version uses a regular expression to parse tag contents. try: # Splitting by None == splitting by spaces. tag_name, arg = token.contents.split(None, 1) except ValueError: msg = '%r tag requires arguments' % token.contents[0] raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(msg) m = re.search(r'(.*?) as (\w+)', arg) if m: fmt, var_name = m.groups() else: msg = '%r tag had invalid arguments' % tag_name raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(msg) if not (fmt[0] == fmt[-1] and fmt[0] in ('"', "'")): msg = "%r tag's argument should be in quotes" % tag_name raise template.TemplateSyntaxError(msg) return CurrentTimeNode3(fmt[1:-1], var_name)
现在 do_current_time() 把格式字符串和变量名传递给 CurrentTimeNode3 。

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