Jquery框架下Ajax与PHP数据交换
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最近刚刚做了一个小项目，其中用到了大量的Ajax技术。当然了，刚开始用的时候，避免不了出现很多的错误，也走了汗多弯路，这里整理了出来，除了是为了供自己以后开发参考外，也是为了拿出来与大家分享，希望能让初学者少走弯路，也希望能够得到高手的批评与指正。
一、前台传递字符串变量，后台返回字符串变量（非json格式）
Javascript代码：
这里，为了解决Ajax数据传递出现的汉字乱码，在字符串传递之前，使用javascript函数escape()对汉字字符串进行了编码，并且对返回
的字符串使用unescape()函数进行解码，使得汉字得以正常显示。当然了，后台PHP代码也添加了头文件，以保证汉字字符串不会出现乱码。各种后台代码解决
汉字乱码问题的方式如下：
PHP:header('Content-Type:text/html;charset=GB2312');
ASP:Response.Charset("GB2312")
JSP:response.setHeader("Charset","GB2312");
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> $(<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data="前台变量"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> my_data=escape(my_data)+"";<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">编码，防止汉字乱码</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> $.ajax({
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> url: "ajax_php.php"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> type: "POST"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> data:{trans_data:my_data},
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">dataType: "json",</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> error: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> alert('Error loading XML document'<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> },
</span><span style="color: #008080;">12</span> success: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span>(data,status){<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果调用php成功 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">13</span> alert(unescape(data));<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">解码，显示汉字</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">14</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> });
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">17</span> });Copy after login
PHP代码：
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">header</span>('Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312');<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">使用gb2312编码，使中文不会变成乱码</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>."+后台返回"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> ?>Copy after login
显示效果如下图所示：
二、前台传递多个一维数组，后台返回字符串变量（非json格式）
Javascript代码：
在非json格式下，后台只能返回字符串，如果想后台返回数组，可以采用json格式，在本文的后面会详细介绍。
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> $(<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data1=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> my_data[0]=0<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> my_data[1]=1<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> my_data[2]=2<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> my_data1[0]=10<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> my_data1[1]=11<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> my_data1[2]=12<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">12</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> $.ajax({
</span><span style="color: #008080;">13</span> url: "ajax_php.php"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">14</span> type: "POST"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> data:{trans_data:my_data,trans_data1:my_data1},
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">dataType: "json",</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">17</span> error: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;">18</span> alert('Error loading XML document'<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">19</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> },
</span><span style="color: #008080;">20</span> success: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span>(data,status){<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果调用php成功 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">21</span> alert(data);
<span style="color: #008080;">22</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">23</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> });
</span><span style="color: #008080;">24</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">25</span> });Copy after login
PHP代码：
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> <span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">header</span>('Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312');<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">使用gb2312编码，使中文不会变成乱码
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> <span style="color: #008000;"> //读取第一个数组</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>="trans_data:"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$trans</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$trans</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">as</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> {
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>." ".<span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">12</span> <span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">读取第二个数组</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">13</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>." , trans_data1:"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">14</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$trans</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data1'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">foreach</span>(<span style="color: #800080;">$trans</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">as</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">)
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> {
</span><span style="color: #008080;">17</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>." ".<span style="color: #800080;">$value</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">18</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">19</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span><span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">20</span> ?>Copy after login
显示效果如下图：
三、前台传递多个一维数组，后台返回二维数组（json格式）
Javascript代码：
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> $(<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data1=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> my_data[0]=0<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span> my_data[1]=1<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> my_data[2]=2<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> my_data1[0]=10<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span> my_data1[1]=11<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">10</span> my_data1[2]=12<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">12</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> $.ajax({
</span><span style="color: #008080;">13</span> url: "ajax_php.php"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">14</span> type: "POST"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> data:{trans_data:my_data,trans_data1:my_data1},
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span> dataType: "json"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">17</span> error: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;">18</span> alert('Error loading XML document'<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">19</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> },
</span><span style="color: #008080;">20</span> success: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span>(data){<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果调用php成功 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">21</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> back=""<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">22</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> i=0;i){
<span style="color: #008080;">23</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> j=0;j<data style="color: #000000;">){
<span style="color: #008080;">24</span> back+=" "+i+" 行 "+j+" 列 :"+data[i][j]+" "<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">25</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">26</span> back+="\n"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">27</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">28</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> alert(back);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">29</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">30</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> });
</span><span style="color: #008080;">31</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">32</span> });</data>Copy after login
PHP代码：
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">header</span>('Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312');<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">使用gb2312编码，使中文不会变成乱码 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span><span style="color: #000000;">();
</span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>[0]=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>[1]=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data1'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">6</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">7</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> json_encode(<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">8</span> ?>Copy after login
显示效果如下图：
四、前台传递一维数组和二维数组，后台返回二维数组（json格式）
Javascript代码：
<span style="color: #008080;"> 1</span> $(<span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 2</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 3</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data1=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 4</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> my_data2=<span style="color: #0000ff;">new</span><span style="color: #000000;"> Array();
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 5</span>
<span style="color: #008080;"> 6</span> my_data[0]=0<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 7</span> my_data[1]=1<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 8</span> my_data[2]=2<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;"> 9</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">10</span> my_data1[0]=10<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">11</span> my_data1[1]=11<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">12</span> my_data1[2]=12<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">13</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">14</span> my_data2[0]=<span style="color: #000000;">my_data;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">15</span> my_data2[1]=<span style="color: #000000;">my_data1;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">16</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">17</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> $.ajax({
</span><span style="color: #008080;">18</span> url: "ajax_php.php"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">19</span> type: "POST"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">20</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> data:{trans_data:my_data,trans_data1:my_data1,trans_data2:my_data2},
</span><span style="color: #008080;">21</span> dataType: "json"<span style="color: #000000;">,
</span><span style="color: #008080;">22</span> error: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span><span style="color: #000000;">(){
</span><span style="color: #008080;">23</span> alert('Error loading XML document'<span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">24</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> },
</span><span style="color: #008080;">25</span> success: <span style="color: #0000ff;">function</span>(data){<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">如果调用php成功 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">26</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> back=""<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">27</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> i=0;i){
<span style="color: #008080;">28</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">for</span>(<span style="color: #0000ff;">var</span> j=0;j<data style="color: #000000;">){
<span style="color: #008080;">29</span> back+=" "+i+" 行 "+j+" 列 :"+data[i][j]+" "<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">30</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">31</span> back+="\n"<span style="color: #000000;">;
</span><span style="color: #008080;">32</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">33</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> alert(back);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">34</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> }
</span><span style="color: #008080;">35</span> <span style="color: #000000;"> });
</span><span style="color: #008080;">36</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">37</span> });</data>Copy after login
PHP代码：
<span style="color: #008080;">1</span> <span style="color: #000000;">php
</span><span style="color: #008080;">2</span> <span style="color: #008080;">header</span>('Content-Type:text/html; charset=gb2312');<span style="color: #008000;">//</span><span style="color: #008000;">使用gb2312编码，使中文不会变成乱码 </span>
<span style="color: #008080;">3</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #0000ff;">array</span><span style="color: #000000;">();
</span><span style="color: #008080;">4</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data2'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">5</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>[2]=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">6</span> <span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span>[3]=<span style="color: #800080;">$_POST</span>['trans_data1'<span style="color: #000000;">];
</span><span style="color: #008080;">7</span>
<span style="color: #008080;">8</span> <span style="color: #0000ff;">echo</span> json_encode(<span style="color: #800080;">$backValue</span><span style="color: #000000;">);
</span><span style="color: #008080;">9</span> ?>Copy after login
显示效果如下图：
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PHP is a scripting language widely used on the server side, especially suitable for web development. 1.PHP can embed HTML, process HTTP requests and responses, and supports a variety of databases. 2.PHP is used to generate dynamic web content, process form data, access databases, etc., with strong community support and open source resources. 3. PHP is an interpreted language, and the execution process includes lexical analysis, grammatical analysis, compilation and execution. 4.PHP can be combined with MySQL for advanced applications such as user registration systems. 5. When debugging PHP, you can use functions such as error_reporting() and var_dump(). 6. Optimize PHP code to use caching mechanisms, optimize database queries and use built-in functions. 7
Explain the match expression (PHP 8 ) and how it differs from switch.
Apr 06, 2025 am 12:03 AM
In PHP8, match expressions are a new control structure that returns different results based on the value of the expression. 1) It is similar to a switch statement, but returns a value instead of an execution statement block. 2) The match expression is strictly compared (===), which improves security. 3) It avoids possible break omissions in switch statements and enhances the simplicity and readability of the code.
What is Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) and how do you implement CSRF protection in PHP?
Apr 07, 2025 am 12:02 AM
In PHP, you can effectively prevent CSRF attacks by using unpredictable tokens. Specific methods include: 1. Generate and embed CSRF tokens in the form; 2. Verify the validity of the token when processing the request.
