怎样在UNIX系统下安装MySQL
# tar -zvxf MySQL-3.22.25-pc-linux-gnu-i686.tar.gz (产生 mysql-3.22.25-pc-linux-gnu-i686目录)
# cd mysql-3.22.25-pc-linux-gnu-i686
# ./configure --PRefix=/usr/local/mysql (其中参数设定目的安装路径)
# make
# make install
注意在运行configure时,设定MySQL的安装目的路径为/usr/local/mysql,该路径在后继安装过程中还要使用。然后,建立最初的数据库:
# scripts/mysql_install_db
该命令将在 /usr/local/mysql/var/ 下建立两个数据库:mysql和test,其中前者是MySQL的权限管理数据库,后者是让你做练习用的。注意:如果你在以前曾经安装果MySQL,则初始数据库已经存在,不需要再重新安装。
最后,启动MySQL :
# cd /usr/local/mysql/bin
# ./safe_mysqld &
如果你希望在机器启动的时候自动运行数据库服务,可以将上面的启动命令加入到/etc/rc.d/rc.local文件中。
现在,MySQL 已经运行起来了并等待你的数据处理命令!但是,一定要小心:你还没有为你的root管理员设置一个密码,任何人都可以随心所欲地修改你的数据库(包括最为重要的权限库)!不相信的话,作作以下练习(假设我们的当前目录都是/usr/local/mysql/bin):
试试用任意用户登录,并运行:
$ ./mysql -u root
立即可以进入"mysql>"客户端软件提示符并进行任何数据处理操作而不需要任何口令;这说明,MySQL的管理员"root"账号与你的Unix账号所用的口令可以是不一样的。为了给root账号加口令,执行:
# ./mysqladmin -u root passWord '新口令'
再次以一般用户身执行:
$ ./mysql -u root
则系统会提示输入密码,密码不正确则拒绝访问。实际上,即使你是root用户,如果不明确地指明使用密码,系统也是照样拒绝:
# ./mysql -u root
或
# ./mysql 系统响应:
ERROR 1045: access denied for user: 'root@localhost' (Using password: NO)
只有使用-p参数,明确说明你要使用密码,系统才会提示你输入密码,并在输入密码正确时方可进入:
# ./mysql -u root -p
password:******** (输入口令)
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 33 to server version: 3.22.25
Type 'help' for help.
Mysql>
键入exit回到shell。
脚本mysql.server(位于`share/mysql'目录中)用于启动或停止MySQL服务器:
shell> mysql.server start
shell> mysql.server stop
该脚本实际上通过执行safe_mysqld启动服务器。停止服务器也可以通过管理程序实现:
mysqladmin shutdown
也可通过将下述命令加入`/etc/rc.local'文件,在系统启动时自动启动MySQL:
/bin/sh -c 'cd /usr/local/mysql ; ./bin/safe_mysqld &'

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