What is the difference between golang function overloading and polymorphism?

Function overloading is not supported in the Go language because it uses duck typing to determine the value type based on the actual type. Polymorphism is achieved through interface types and method calls, and objects of different categories can respond in the same way. Specifically, by defining interfaces and implementing these methods, Go language can make objects of different types have similar behaviors, thereby supporting polymorphism.

The difference between function overloading and polymorphism in Go language

Function overloading

Function overloading It refers to defining multiple functions with the same name but different parameter types in the same scope. Go language does not support function overloading. The reason is that the Go language uses duck typing, which determines the type of a value based on its actual type rather than its declared type. So if two functions have the same name but different parameter types, the Go compiler will still treat them as different functions.

Polymorphism

Polymorphism is a concept that enables objects of different categories to respond in the same way by calling methods of inheritance or interfaces. The Go language supports polymorphism through the use of interface types. An interface defines a set of methods, and any type can implement the interface as long as it implements these methods.

Practical case

Suppose we have the following Shape interface:

type Shape interface {
    Area() float64
}

We define two types that implement this interface:

Rectangle.go

type Rectangle struct {
    Length, Width float64
}

func (r Rectangle) Area() float64 {
    return r.Length * r.Width
}

Circle.go

type Circle struct {
    Radius float64
}

func (c Circle) Area() float64 {
    return math.Pi * c.Radius * c.Radius
}

We can then use a function to calculate the areas of different shapes without knowing them The specific type:

ShapeUtil.go

func CalculateArea(shape Shape) float64 {
    return shape.Area()
}

main.go

func main() {
    rect := Rectangle{Length: 5.0, Width: 3.0}
    circle := Circle{Radius: 4.0}

    fmt.Println("Rectangle area:", CalculateArea(rect))
    fmt.Println("Circle area:", CalculateArea(circle))
}

In the main function, regardless of the shape Regardless of the specific type, you can use the CalculateArea function to calculate their area.

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