What does ^ mean in sql

The ^ symbol in SQL represents the bitwise XOR operation, which is used to compare two binary bits and return a new bit. The rules are: 0^0=0, 0^1=1, 1^0=1, 1^1=0. Uses include setting or removing flags, comparing values, and simple encryption and decryption.

The meaning of ^ in SQL

The ^ symbol in SQL represents bitwise XOR operation, which is used to Compares two bits (0 or 1) and returns a new bit.

Operation rules:

• 0 ^ 0 = 0
• 0 ^ 1 = 1
• 1 ^ 0 = 1
• 1 ^ 1 = 0

Uses:

Bitwise XOR operation is often used for:

• Set or cancel the flag: By XORing the column with 1, you can set or cancel the flag bit in the column.
• Compare values: By XORing two columns, you can determine whether they are the same. A result of 0 means the same, and a non-zero value means different.
• Encryption: XOR operation can be used for simple encryption and decryption.

Example:

-- 设置标志位
UPDATE users SET is_active = is_active ^ 1

-- 比较值
SELECT CASE WHEN field1 ^ field2 = 0 THEN '相同' ELSE '不同' END FROM table

-- 加密数据
SELECT CAST(CAST(data AS BINARY) ^ 0x1234567890 AS TEXT) FROM secret_table

Note:

The bitwise XOR operation only works on binary values ​​or bits mask. Other data types (such as integers or strings) are automatically converted to binary values ​​for operations.

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