What is the difference between Java Servlet and CGI?
The difference between Java Servlet and CGI is that Servlet is hosted by the server container, while CGI is an independent executable program. Servlets require a JavaEE server, and CGI can run on a CGI-enabled web server. Servlets generally perform better than CGI and are more secure.
The difference between Java Servlet and CGI
Introduction
Both Servlet and CGI are content generation mechanisms for creating dynamic web pages, but they differ in how they are implemented and used.
Implementation method
- Servlet: Hosted and managed by a JavaEE server container. It is a Java class that can dynamically generate HTML or XML content.
- CGI: is a standalone executable program that is handled by the Web Server Gateway Interface (WSGI) on the web server.
Running environment
- Servlet: Requires a JavaEE server, such as Tomcat, Jetty or GlassFish.
- CGI: Can run on any web server that supports CGI, such as Apache and nginx.
Deployment
- Servlet: Deployed in a WAR (Web Application Archive) file and hosted by the server container manage.
- CGI: Requires placement in a specific directory on the web server.
Performance
- Servlet: Typically faster than CGI because they are cached by the server container and can Use services provided by the server (such as thread pools and connection pools).
- CGI: A new process is created for each request, which may cause performance degradation.
Security
- Servlet: Generally more secure compared to CGI because they are subject to the security control of the server container protection of.
- CGI:Environment variables and file uploads can be used to access data on the server, which may pose a security risk.
Practical case
Use Java Servlet to create a simple greeting page:
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class HelloServlet extends HttpServlet {
@Override
protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse res)
throws ServletException, IOException {
res.getWriter().write("<h1>Hello Servlet!</h1>");
}
}Use CGI to create a simple greeting page:
#!/usr/bin/python
import sys
print("Content-type: text/html\n")
print("<html><body><h1>Hello CGI!</h1></body></html>")Conclusion
Servlets and CGI are both valid mechanisms for creating dynamic web pages, but they have limitations in implementation, There are differences in performance and security. Depending on the specific requirements, it is crucial to select the most appropriate mechanism.
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