全面接触SQL语法_MySQL
SQL功能与特性
其实,在前面的文章中,已经提及SQL命令的一些基本功能,然而,通过SQL命令,程序设计师或数据库管理员(DBA)可以:
(一)建立数据库的表格。(包括设置表格所可以使用之空间)
(二)改变数据库系统环境设置。
(三)针对某个数据库或表格,授予用户存取权限。
(四)对数据库表格建立索引值。
(五)修改数据库表格结构。(新建、删除或是修改表格字段)
(六)对数据库进行数据的新建。
(七)对数据库进行数据的删除。
(八)对数据库进行数据的修改。
(九)对数据库进行数据的查询。
这几项便是通过SQL命令可以完成的事情,看起来是不是比起“查询”两个字所代表的功能要多的多了呢?
SQL语法的分类
其实SQL命令并不是非常多,可是要把SQL用到出神入化,却也只需要短短几个命令便够,因为SQL命令是针对关系型数据库所建立出来的语法叙述,所以SQL在这类数据库中所发挥的功能非常的强,以下将针对在VB中常用的SQL语法基本命令加以分类介绍。在说明SQL的命令以及使用语法之前,以下将SQL做了的分类,在致上SQL语法所使用到的类型,可以说都已包含在这些类别当中。
第一类、属性词(Predicates)
在SQL命令中用来指明所要选择的记录的方式。如ALL、TOP与DISTINCT等等。
第二类、声明(Declaration)
针对SQL Parameter或Parameter Query 的名称与数据类型做声明,如PARAMETERS的声明等等。
第三类、条件子句(Clause)
在SQL的查询中,利用一些表达式定义出查询的条件,以缩小寻找的范围,如WHERE。
第四类、运算符(Operator)与操作数(Operation)
在SQL的查询中,与Operation共同组成表达式(Expression),如BETWEEN....AND 运算符与INNER JOIN操作数。
第五类、函数(Function)
一些SQL常见的函数,像是AVG()是求算数平均数的函数。
第六类、SQL语句(Statement)
SQL的语句,可以说是SQL语法的主体,用来对某一个特定的数据库发出指示,并返回相关的数据,而SQL的语法结构,基本上可以利用下面
的式子来表示:命令+条件子句
例如:
SELECT*FROM TAB WHERE TAB.NAME='A'
其中的“FROM....WHERE”便是一个条件子句,其实SQL的语法并不难,您只需记住这样的一个规则,相信可以很快的了解SQL用法。
SQL语法与命令
SELECT 语句
SELECT[predicate]{*|table.*|[table.]field [,[table.]field2[,...]]} [AS alias1 [,alias2[,...]]]
FROM tableexpression [,...][IN externaldatabase]
[WHERE...]
[GROUP BY...]
[HAVING...]
[ORDER BY...]
[WITH OWNERACCESS OPTION]
SELECT 语句包括下面几个部分
predicate
如前面所述,包括了ALL,DISTINCT,DISTINCTROW,与TOP 我们可以利用这样的语句去限制查询后所得的结果。
*
从指定表格中指定所有的字段。
table
针对被选择出的记录的字段,所指定表格的名称。
field1,field2
想要读取数据的字段名称,如果包含了一个以上的字段,会依照列出的顺序来读取数据。
alias1,alias2
用来替代在表格实际字段名称的化名。
tableexpression
表格名称或包含我们所想要的数据的表格。
externaldatabase
若使用到不是目前的数据库则将其名字定义在externaldatabase当中。
ALL,DISTINCT,DISTINCTROW,TOP属性词用法
SELECT [ALL|DISTINCT|DISTINCTROW|[TOP n[PERCENT]]] FROM table
ALL
若是您不指定任何的字段数据,则Microsoft Jet数据库引擎(database engine)将会选择所有的字段,并依据所定的条件查询出需求数据集。

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap
Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version
Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1
Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6
Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version
God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics











Last week, amid the internal wave of resignations and external criticism, OpenAI was plagued by internal and external troubles: - The infringement of the widow sister sparked global heated discussions - Employees signing "overlord clauses" were exposed one after another - Netizens listed Ultraman's "seven deadly sins" Rumors refuting: According to leaked information and documents obtained by Vox, OpenAI’s senior leadership, including Altman, was well aware of these equity recovery provisions and signed off on them. In addition, there is a serious and urgent issue facing OpenAI - AI safety. The recent departures of five security-related employees, including two of its most prominent employees, and the dissolution of the "Super Alignment" team have once again put OpenAI's security issues in the spotlight. Fortune magazine reported that OpenA

Apple's latest releases of iOS18, iPadOS18 and macOS Sequoia systems have added an important feature to the Photos application, designed to help users easily recover photos and videos lost or damaged due to various reasons. The new feature introduces an album called "Recovered" in the Tools section of the Photos app that will automatically appear when a user has pictures or videos on their device that are not part of their photo library. The emergence of the "Recovered" album provides a solution for photos and videos lost due to database corruption, the camera application not saving to the photo library correctly, or a third-party application managing the photo library. Users only need a few simple steps

How to use MySQLi to establish a database connection in PHP: Include MySQLi extension (require_once) Create connection function (functionconnect_to_db) Call connection function ($conn=connect_to_db()) Execute query ($result=$conn->query()) Close connection ( $conn->close())

To handle database connection errors in PHP, you can use the following steps: Use mysqli_connect_errno() to obtain the error code. Use mysqli_connect_error() to get the error message. By capturing and logging these error messages, database connection issues can be easily identified and resolved, ensuring the smooth running of your application.

70B model, 1000 tokens can be generated in seconds, which translates into nearly 4000 characters! The researchers fine-tuned Llama3 and introduced an acceleration algorithm. Compared with the native version, the speed is 13 times faster! Not only is it fast, its performance on code rewriting tasks even surpasses GPT-4o. This achievement comes from anysphere, the team behind the popular AI programming artifact Cursor, and OpenAI also participated in the investment. You must know that on Groq, a well-known fast inference acceleration framework, the inference speed of 70BLlama3 is only more than 300 tokens per second. With the speed of Cursor, it can be said that it achieves near-instant complete code file editing. Some people call it a good guy, if you put Curs

According to news on June 26, at the opening ceremony of the 2024 World Mobile Communications Conference Shanghai (MWC Shanghai), China Mobile Chairman Yang Jie delivered a speech. He said that currently, human society is entering the fourth industrial revolution, which is dominated by information and deeply integrated with information and energy, that is, the "digital intelligence revolution", and the formation of new productive forces is accelerating. Yang Jie believes that from the "mechanization revolution" driven by steam engines, to the "electrification revolution" driven by electricity, internal combustion engines, etc., to the "information revolution" driven by computers and the Internet, each round of industrial revolution is based on "information and "Energy" is the main line, bringing productivity development

Using the database callback function in Golang can achieve: executing custom code after the specified database operation is completed. Add custom behavior through separate functions without writing additional code. Callback functions are available for insert, update, delete, and query operations. You must use the sql.Exec, sql.QueryRow, or sql.Query function to use the callback function.

JSON data can be saved into a MySQL database by using the gjson library or the json.Unmarshal function. The gjson library provides convenience methods to parse JSON fields, and the json.Unmarshal function requires a target type pointer to unmarshal JSON data. Both methods require preparing SQL statements and performing insert operations to persist the data into the database.
