Home Database Mysql Tutorial MYSQL使用指南(下)_MySQL

MYSQL使用指南(下)_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:05 PM
mysql Order data database show

在上篇我们讲了登录、增加用户、密码更改等问题。下篇我们来看看MYSQL中有关数据库方面的操作。注意:你必须首先登录到MYSQL中,以下操作都是在MYSQL的提示符下进行的,而且每个命令以分号结束。

一、操作技巧
1、如果你打命令时,回车后发现忘记加分号,你无须重打一遍命令,只要打个分号回车就可以了。也就是说你可以把一个完整的命令分成几行来打,完后用分号作结束标志就OK。
2、你可以使用光标上下键调出以前的命令。但以前我用过的一个MYSQL旧版本不支持。我现在用的是mysql-3.23.27-beta-win。

二、显示命令
1、显示数据库列表。
show databases;
刚开始时才两个数据库:mysql和test。mysql库很重要它里面有MYSQL的系统信息,我们改密码和新增用户,实际上就是用这个库进行操作。
2、显示库中的数据表:
use mysql; //打开库,学过FOXBASE的一定不会陌生吧
show tables;
3、显示数据表的结构:
describe 表名;
4、建库:
create database 库名;
5、建表:
use 库名;
create table 表名 (字段设定列表);
6、删库和删表:
drop database 库名;
drop table 表名;
7、将表中记录清空:
delete from 表名;
8、显示表中的记录:
select * from 表名;

三、一个建库和建表以及插入数据的实例
drop database if exists school; //如果存在SCHOOL则删除
create database school; //建立库SCHOOL
use school; //打开库SCHOOL
create table teacher //建立表TEACHER
(
id int(3) auto_increment not null primary key,
name char(10) not null,
address varchar(50) default '深圳',
year date
); //建表结束
//以下为插入字段
insert into teacher values('','glchengang','深圳一中','1976-10-10');
insert into teacher values('','jack','深圳一中','1975-12-23');

注:在建表中
(1)将ID设为长度为3的数字字段:int(3)并让它每个记录自动加一:auto_increment并不能为空:not null而且让他成为主字段primary key
(2)将NAME设为长度为10的字符字段
(3)将ADDRESS设为长度50的字符字段,而且缺省值为深圳。varchar和char有什么区别呢,只有等以后的文章再说了。 (4)将YEAR设为日期字段。
如果你在mysql提示符键入上面的命令也可以,但不方便调试。你可以将以上命令原样写入一个文本文件中假设为school.sql,然后复制到c:下,并在DOS状态进入目录mysqlbin,然后键入以下命令:
mysql -uroot -p密码 如果成功,空出一行无任何显示;如有错误,会有提示。(以上命令已经调试,你只要将//的注释去掉即可使用)。


四、将文本数据转到数据库中
1、文本数据应符合的格式:字段数据之间用tab键隔开,null值用n来代替.
例:
3 rose 深圳二中 1976-10-10
4 mike 深圳一中 1975-12-23
2、数据传入命令 load data local infile "文件名" into table 表名;
注意:你最好将文件复制到mysqlbin目录下,并且要先用use命令打表所在的库。


五、备份数据库:(命令在DOS的mysqlbin目录下执行)
mysqldump --opt school>school.bbb
注释:将数据库school备份到school.bbb文件,school.bbb是一个文本文件,文件名任取,打开看看你会有新发现。

后记:其实MYSQL的对数据库的操作与其它的SQL类数据库大同小异,您最好找本将SQL的书看看。我在这里只介绍一些基本的,其实我也就只懂这些了,呵呵。最好的MYSQL教程还是“晏子“译的“MYSQL中文参考手册“不仅免费每个相关网站都有下载,而且它是最权威的。可惜不是象"PHP4中文手册"那样是chm的格式,在查找函数命令的时候不太方便。

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