MySQL中数据表操作详解_MySQL
使用MySQL,目前你可以在三种基本数据库表格式间选择。当你创建一张表时,你可以告诉MySQL它应该对于表使用哪个表类型。MySQL将总是创建一个.frm文件保存表和列定义。视表类型而定,索引和数据将在其他文件中存储。
你能用ALTER TABLE语句在不同类型的表之间变换。
MyISAM
在MySQL 3.23中,MyISAM是缺省表格类型,它是基于ISAM代码并且有很多有用的扩展。索引存储在一个有.MYI(MYindex)扩展名的文件并且数据存储在有.MYD(MYData)扩展名的文件中。你能用myisamchk实用程序检查/修复MyISAM表。
ISAM
你也可以使用放弃的ISAM。这将在不久消失,因为MyISAM是同一个东西的更好实现。ISAM使用一个B-tree索引,这个索引存储在一个有.ISM扩展名的文件中并且数据存储在有.ISD扩展名的文件中,你可用isamchk实用程序检查/修复ISAM表。ISAM表不是跨OS/平台二进制可移植的。
HEAP
HEAP表格使用一个杂凑(hashed)索引并且存储在内存中。这使他们更快,但是如果MySQL崩溃,你将失去所有存储的数据。HEAP作为临时表很可用!
用SHOW/ DESCRIBE语句显示数据表的信息
句法:
SHOW TABLES [FROM db_name] [LIKE wild] or SHOW COLUMNS FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name] [LIKE wild] or SHOW INDEX FROM tbl_name [FROM db_name] or SHOW TABLE STATUS [FROM db_name] [LIKE wild] {DESCRIBE | DESC} tbl_name {col_name | wild} Copy after login |
你能使用db_name.tbl_name作为tbl_name FROM db_name句法的另一种选择。
SHOW TABLES列出在一个给定的数据库中的表。你也可以用mysqlshow db_name命令得到这张表。
注意:如果一个用户没有一个表的任何权限,表将不在SHOW TABLES或mysqlshow db_name中的输出中显示。
SHOW COLUMNS列出在一个给定表中的列。如果列类型不同于你期望的是基于CREATE TABLE语句的那样,注意,MySQL有时改变列类型。
DESCRIBE语句提供了类似SHOW COLUMNS的信息。DESCRIBE提供关于一张表的列的信息。col_name可以是一个列名字或包含SQL的“%”和“_”通配符的一个字符串。这个语句为了与 Oracle 兼容而提供的。
SHOW TABLE STATUS(在版本3.23引入)运行类似SHOW STATUS,但是提供每个表的更多信息。你也可以使用mysqlshow --status db_name命令得到这张表。
SHOW FIELDS是SHOW COLUMNS一个同义词,SHOW KEYS是SHOW INDEX一个同义词。
你也可以用mysqlshow db_name tbl_name或mysqlshow -k db_name tbl_name 列出一张表的列或索引。
SHOW INDEX以非常相似于ODBC的SQLStatistics调用的格式返回索引信息。
使用mysqlshow 工具得到信息
下面简单介绍一下mysqlshow实用程序的用法,在得到数据库和表的信息上,使用起来非常方便。
得到已有数据库的列表:
shell> mysqlshow
列出某数据库db_name中已有的表:
shell> mysqlshow db_name
列出某数据库表db_name.tbl_name的结构信息:
shell>mysqlshow db_name tbl_name
列出一张表的索引:
shell> mysqlshow –k db_name tbl_name

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