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Understand how parameters are passed in Go language

Apr 03, 2024 pm 12:09 PM
go language Parameter passing

在 Go 语言中,函数参数可以传递值或传递引用:传递值:复制参数的值,修改不影响原始变量。传递引用:使用指针,允许函数直接修改原始变量的值。在实际应用中,根据具体情况选择传递方式:按值传递避免意外更改原始变量。按引用传递用于在函数和调用者之间共享状态,如更新调用者中变量的值。

Understand how parameters are passed in Go language

揭秘 Go 语言中的参数传递

在 Go 语言中,函数参数可以通过传递值或传递引用两种方式传递。理解参数传递机制对于编写高效且可维护的 Go 程序至关重要。

传递值

传递值是最简单的参数传递方式,它复制参数的值并将其传递给函数。这意味着对函数内参数所做的任何修改都不会影响原始变量。

示例:

func add(x int) {
  x++
}

func main() {
  i := 10
  add(i)
  fmt.Println(i) // 输出:10
}
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此示例中,add 函数是按值传递的,因此对 x 所做的修改不会影响 main 函数中的原始变量 i

传递引用

传递引用允许函数直接修改原始变量的值。要按引用传递参数,需要使用指针类型(例如 *int)。

示例:

func add(x *int) {
  *x++
}

func main() {
  i := 10
  add(&i)
  fmt.Println(i) // 输出:11
}
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此示例中,add 函数是按引用传递的,通过使用 &iadd 函数会直接操作 main 函数中 i 的值。

实战案例

在编写 Go 程序时,使用按值或按引用传递参数取决于具体情况。按值传递通常用于避免意外更改原始变量,而按引用传递则用于在函数和调用者之间共享状态。

例如:

假设我们要编写一个函数来计算两个数字的乘积,并希望在调用函数后能更新原始变量。我们可以按引用传递这两个变量,如下所示:

func multiply(a *int, b *int) {
  *a *= *b
}

func main() {
  a := 5
  b := 10
  multiply(&a, &b)
  fmt.Println(a * b) // 输出:50
}
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