Home Database Mysql Tutorial 为你的MySQL加铸23道安全门_MySQL

为你的MySQL加铸23道安全门_MySQL

Jun 01, 2016 pm 01:56 PM

  本文介绍了关于MySQL数据库的23个安全注意事项,为你的MySQL加铸23道安全门!

  使用MySQL,安全问题不能不注意。以下是MySQL提示的23个注意事项:

  1.如果客户端和服务器端的连接需要跨越并通过不可信任的网络,那么就需要使用SSH隧道来加密该连接的通信。

  2.用set password语句来修改用户的密码,三个步骤,先“mysql -u root”登陆数据库系统,然后“mysql> update mysql.user set password=password('newpwd')”,最后执行“flush privileges”就可以了。

  3.需要提防的攻击有,防偷听、篡改、回放、拒绝服务等,不涉及可用性和容错方面。对所有的连接、查询、其他操作使用基于ACL即访问控制列表的安全措施来完成。也有一些对SSL连接的支持。

  4.除了root用户外的其他任何用户不允许访问mysql主数据库中的user表;

  加密后存放在user表中的加密后的用户密码一旦泄露,其他人可以随意用该用户名/密码相应的数据库;

  5.用grant和revoke语句来进行用户访问控制的工作;

  6.不使用明文密码,而是使用md5()和sha1()等单向的哈系函数来设置密码;

  7.不选用字典中的字来做密码;

  8.采用防火墙来去掉50%的外部危险,让数据库系统躲在防火墙后面工作,或放置在DMZ区域中;

  9.从因特网上用nmap来扫描3306端口,也可用telnet server_host 3306的方法测试,不能允许从非信任网络中访问数据库服务器的3306号TCP端口,因此需要在防火墙或路由器上做设定;

  10.为了防止被恶意传入非法参数,例如where ID=234,别人却输入where ID=234 OR 1=1导致全部显示,所以在web的表单中使用''或""来用字符串,在动态URL中加入%22代表双引号、%23代表井号、%27代表单引号;传递未检查过的值给mysql数据库是非常危险的;

  11.在传递数据给mysql时检查一下大小;

  12.应用程序需要连接到数据库应该使用一般的用户帐号,只开放少数必要的权限给该用户;

  13.在各编程接口(C C++ PHP Perl Java JDBC等)中使用特定‘逃脱字符’函数;

  在因特网上使用mysql数据库时一定少用传输明文的数据,而用SSL和SSH的加密方式数据来传输;

  14.学会使用tcpdump和strings工具来查看传输数据的安全性,例如tcpdump -l -i eth0 -w -src or dst port 3306 | strings。以普通用户来启动mysql数据库服务;

  15.不使用到表的联结符号,选用的参数 --skip-symbolic-links;

  16.确信在mysql目录中只有启动数据库服务的用户才可以对文件有读和写的权限;

  17.不许将process或super权限付给非管理用户,该mysqladmin processlist可以列举出当前执行的查询文本;super权限可用于切断客户端连接、改变服务器运行参数状态、控制拷贝复制数据库的服务器;

  18.file权限不付给管理员以外的用户,防止出现load data '/etc/passwd'到表中再用select 显示出来的问题;

  19.如果不相信DNS服务公司的服务,可以在主机名称允许表中只设置IP数字地址;

  20.使用max_user_connections变量来使mysqld服务进程,对一个指定帐户限定连接数;

  21.grant语句也支持资源控制选项;

  22.启动mysqld服务进程的安全选项开关,--local-infile=0或1 若是0则客户端程序就无法使用local load data了,赋权的一个例子grant insert(user) on mysql.user to 'user_name'@'host_name';若使用--skip-grant-tables系统将对任何用户的访问不做任何访问控制,但可以用mysqladmin flush-privileges或mysqladmin reload来开启访问控制;默认情况是show databases语句对所有用户开放,可以用--skip-show-databases来关闭掉。

  23.碰到Error 1045(28000) Access Denied for user 'root'@'localhost' (Using password:NO)错误时,你需要重新设置密码,具体方法是:先用--skip-grant-tables参数启动mysqld,然后执行mysql -u root mysql,mysql>update user set password=password('newpassword') where user='root';mysql>Flush privileges;,最后重新启动mysql就可以了。

Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Article

Roblox: Bubble Gum Simulator Infinity - How To Get And Use Royal Keys
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌
Nordhold: Fusion System, Explained
3 weeks ago By 尊渡假赌尊渡假赌尊渡假赌

Hot Tools

Notepad++7.3.1

Notepad++7.3.1

Easy-to-use and free code editor

SublimeText3 Chinese version

SublimeText3 Chinese version

Chinese version, very easy to use

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

Dreamweaver CS6

Dreamweaver CS6

Visual web development tools

SublimeText3 Mac version

SublimeText3 Mac version

God-level code editing software (SublimeText3)

Hot Topics

Java Tutorial
1664
14
PHP Tutorial
1268
29
C# Tutorial
1248
24
MySQL's Role: Databases in Web Applications MySQL's Role: Databases in Web Applications Apr 17, 2025 am 12:23 AM

The main role of MySQL in web applications is to store and manage data. 1.MySQL efficiently processes user information, product catalogs, transaction records and other data. 2. Through SQL query, developers can extract information from the database to generate dynamic content. 3.MySQL works based on the client-server model to ensure acceptable query speed.

Explain the role of InnoDB redo logs and undo logs. Explain the role of InnoDB redo logs and undo logs. Apr 15, 2025 am 12:16 AM

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database MySQL: An Introduction to the World's Most Popular Database Apr 12, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL is an open source relational database management system, mainly used to store and retrieve data quickly and reliably. Its working principle includes client requests, query resolution, execution of queries and return results. Examples of usage include creating tables, inserting and querying data, and advanced features such as JOIN operations. Common errors involve SQL syntax, data types, and permissions, and optimization suggestions include the use of indexes, optimized queries, and partitioning of tables.

MySQL's Place: Databases and Programming MySQL's Place: Databases and Programming Apr 13, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL's position in databases and programming is very important. It is an open source relational database management system that is widely used in various application scenarios. 1) MySQL provides efficient data storage, organization and retrieval functions, supporting Web, mobile and enterprise-level systems. 2) It uses a client-server architecture, supports multiple storage engines and index optimization. 3) Basic usages include creating tables and inserting data, and advanced usages involve multi-table JOINs and complex queries. 4) Frequently asked questions such as SQL syntax errors and performance issues can be debugged through the EXPLAIN command and slow query log. 5) Performance optimization methods include rational use of indexes, optimized query and use of caches. Best practices include using transactions and PreparedStatemen

Why Use MySQL? Benefits and Advantages Why Use MySQL? Benefits and Advantages Apr 12, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is chosen for its performance, reliability, ease of use, and community support. 1.MySQL provides efficient data storage and retrieval functions, supporting multiple data types and advanced query operations. 2. Adopt client-server architecture and multiple storage engines to support transaction and query optimization. 3. Easy to use, supports a variety of operating systems and programming languages. 4. Have strong community support and provide rich resources and solutions.

MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A Comparison MySQL vs. Other Programming Languages: A Comparison Apr 19, 2025 am 12:22 AM

Compared with other programming languages, MySQL is mainly used to store and manage data, while other languages ​​such as Python, Java, and C are used for logical processing and application development. MySQL is known for its high performance, scalability and cross-platform support, suitable for data management needs, while other languages ​​have advantages in their respective fields such as data analytics, enterprise applications, and system programming.

How does MySQL index cardinality affect query performance? How does MySQL index cardinality affect query performance? Apr 14, 2025 am 12:18 AM

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

MySQL: From Small Businesses to Large Enterprises MySQL: From Small Businesses to Large Enterprises Apr 13, 2025 am 12:17 AM

MySQL is suitable for small and large enterprises. 1) Small businesses can use MySQL for basic data management, such as storing customer information. 2) Large enterprises can use MySQL to process massive data and complex business logic to optimize query performance and transaction processing.

See all articles